Table 9.

Average effects of switching to PCPs with more primary care office visits per patient.

Utilization outcome		Utilization outcome
Primary care $	$43.94*** (1.725)	# Primary care office visits	0.807*** (0.0501)
All physician $	$65.42*** (2.343)	# All office visits	0.912*** (0.0548)
Pharmaceutical drug $	$33.20 (17.22)	# Diagnoses	0.649*** (0.0492)
Outpatient $	$92.10*** (21.05)	# Chronic conditions	0.117*** (0.00954)
Inpatient $	$138.3*** (35.40)	# ED visits	0.00773* (0.00302)
Post-acute care $	$12.63 (16.63)	# Avoidable hospitalizations	0.000606 (0.000800)
Total $	$357.4*** (59.64)	Prob. of flu vaccination	0.0147*** (0.00281)
		Prob. ofdiabetes care	0.0107*** (0.00157)

Notes: This table shows how switching to a PCP with 1 more primary care office visit per patient correlates with other types of health care utilization. We use the difference-in-differences specification in Eq. (3) to estimate these cross-outcome associations. Each cell is an estimate for θ from Eq. (3) for a different utilization outcome y. We include years −4 to −1 in the pre-event period, and we include years 2 to 6 in the post-event period. We control for patient fixed effects, time-varying patient characteristics, a post-event time indicator, and calendar year fixed effects. The standard errors are clustered at the HRR-level.

^***p < 0.001

^**p < 0.01

^*p < 0.05.