Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants across ethnic groups, UK Biobank.
| Black | Asian | Other | White | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 7734 | 9260 | 8304 | 403,196 |
| COVID-19 cases (n, %) | 31 (0.70) | 21 (0.50) | 17 (0.34) | 571 (0.19) |
| Women (n, %) | 4,507 (58.3) | 4,350 (47.0) | 5,015 (60.4) | 221,656 (55.0) |
| Age, years (mean, SD) | 51.8 (8) | 53.2 (8.4) | 52.1 (7.9) | 56.6 (8.0) |
| Percent | ||||
| Higher education | 33.9 | 41.0 | 45.8 | 32.1 |
| Household ≥ 4 people | 31.9 | 51.7 | 32.2 | 18.1 |
| Neighbourhood deprivation (Highest quintile) | 63.7 | 37.8 | 44.2 | 17.9 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Meeting guideline | 51.4 | 46.8 | 50.6 | 51.2 |
| Active > 10 min not reaching guideline | 28.2 | 29.3 | 28.6 | 27.9 |
| Inactive | 20.4 | 23.9 | 20.8 | 18.0 |
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| Within guideline | 24.9 | 19.5 | 24.3 | 36.8 |
| Never/rarely | 65.1 | 72.1 | 61.2 | 29.2 |
| Heavy drinking | 10.0 | 8.3 | 14.5 | 34.0 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 70.7 | 77.6 | 60.4 | 54.5 |
| Past smoker | 17.3 | 13 | 25.7 | 35.6 |
| Current smoker | 12.0 | 9.4 | 13.8 | 9.9 |
| Hypertension | 62.4 | 56.4 | 49.3 | 58.2 |
| Diabetes | 11.1 | 16.8 | 7.9 | 4.5 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4.6 | 7.8 | 4.0 | 5.3 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.4 |
| Seen a psychiatrist | 8.6 | 10.2 | 12.6 | 11.4 |
| Psychological distress (PHQ4 ≥ 3) | 36.5 | 41.7 | 36.2 | 22.9 |
| Mean (SD) | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.5 (5.4) | 27.2 (4.4) | 27.0 (5.0) | 27.4 (4.7) |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.87 (0.08) | 0.9 (0.08) | 0.87 (0.08) | 0.87 (0.09) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.78 (4.4) | 2.79 (3.99) | 2.37 (3.99) | 2.50 (4.18) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 39.3 (10.0) | 40.5 (10.3) | 37.5 (8.2) | 35.8 (6.3) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.25 (1.09) | 5.33 (1.12) | 5.53 (1.11) | 5.72 (1.14) |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.44 (0.36) | 1.26 (0.32) | 1.42 (0.38) | 1.46 (0.38) |
| Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (L) | 2.33 (0.73) | 2.23 (0.73) | 2.54 (0.76) | 2.85 (0.79) |
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