Table 3.

Differentially expressed genes in BALF of COVID-19 patients that are known to be regulated by MNK – eIF4E signaling based on studies in eIF4E^S209A-knock-in mutant cells and animals.

Gene Symbol	Gene Name	COVID19 BALF	eIF4ES209A-KI vs. WT	References
Downregulated
CCL2	C–C motif chemokine ligand 2	↑	↓	(Furic et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2020a; Liao et al., 2020, Xiong et al., 2020b)
CCL7	C–C motif chemokine ligand 7	↑	↓	(Furic et al., 2010, Liao et al., 2020, Xiong et al., 2020b)
CD14	Cluster of differentiation 14	↑	↓	(Amorim et al., 2018, Liao et al., 2020)
CYP1B1	Cytochrome P450 1B1	↑	↓	(Furic et al., 2010, Liao et al., 2020)
NCF1	Neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	↑	↓	(Amorim et al., 2018, Liao et al., 2020)
NFKBIA	NFKB inhibitor alpha	↑	↓	(Furic et al., 2010, Liao et al., 2020)
S100A9	S100 calcium-binding protein A9	↑	↓	(Amorim et al., 2018, Liao et al., 2020)
VEGFA	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	↑	↓	(Amorim et al., 2018, Xiong et al., 2020a)
Upregulated
TNF	Tumor necrosis factor	↑	↑	(Aguilar-Valles et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2020a)

These knock-in animals and cells are null mutants for eIF4E phosphorylation. Downregulation or upregulation with respect to eiF4E signaling refers to genes that have decreased or increased translation respectively in the absence of MNK-eIF4E signaling.