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A 60-year-old male patient (case 13) with a recurrent disc in L4/L5 on the right side; the disc fragment and the vertebrae L4, L5, and S1 are visualized by augmented reality (AR); A: AR view after exposure of the spinal canal and removal of scar tissue; B: enlarged AR view with the visible spinal dura; C: probe’s eye view; D: target view; E: 3-dimensional video overview; F: AR view while the disc fragment is removed showing the close matching.
