Table 1.
Associations * between inadequate health literacy and outcomes among patients with HF
| Study | Health literacy evaluation tool |
Low health literacy N (%) |
Associations between inadequate health literacy and outcomes* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | Hospitalizations | ED visits | Combined mortality and hospitalizations |
Combined hospitalizations and ED visits |
|||
| Murray, 2009(45) | S-TOFHLA (objective) |
61 (29) | + | no association | |||
| Dennison, 2011(46) | S-TOFHLA (objective) |
58 (61) | no association | ||||
| Peterson, 2011(9) | Brief screener (subjective) |
262 (18) | + | no association | |||
| Wu, 2013(37) | S-TOFHLA (objective) |
220 (37) | + | ||||
| McNaughton, 2013(47) | BHLS (subjective) |
258 (36) | no association | ||||
| McNaughton, 2015(10) | BHLS (subjective) |
324 (23) | + | no association | no association | ||
| Moser, 2015(24) | S-TOFHLA (objective) |
206 (36) | + | ||||
| Cox, 2016(11) | BHLS (subjective) |
89 (34) | + | ||||
| León-González, 2017(31) | SAHLSA (objective) |
258 (46) | no association | ||||
| Fabbri, 2018(8) | Brief screener (subjective) |
261 (10) | + | + | |||
| Sterling, 2018(23) | S-TOFHLA (objective) AND BHLS (subjective) |
210 (34) | no association | ||||
*
after adjustment for confounders listed in Online Table 4
+
positive association between inadequate health literacy and outcome
§
not adjusted for confounders