Table 2.

Summary of Interventional Studies

Study	Nature of the study	Type of intervention	Outcomes	Main result
DeWalt, 2006(32)	RCT	Education on self-care emphasizing daily weight measurement, diuretic dose selfadjustment, and symptoms’ recognition and response.	Combined death and hospitalization after 12 months.	Patients in the intervention group had a lower rate of combined death and hospitalization. This effect was larger among patients with low health literacy (IRR: 0.39; CI: 0.16-0.91).
Murray, 2007(48)	RCT	In person education provided by a pharmacist on for 9 months. The intervention was design to support medication management by patients with low health literacy and low resources.	Medication adherence and hospitalizations and ED visits.	The intervention group had better medication adherence and lower incidence of hospitalizations and ED visits (IRR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.73-0.93)
DeWalt, 2012(34)	RCT	40 minute in-person, literacy-sensitive training versus multisession education based on the same 40 minute in-person education and ongoing telephone-based support.	Combined death and hospitalization.	The multisession intervention did not change clinical outcomes compared to single intervention.
Di Palo, 2017(35)	Interventional nonrandomized study	Implementation of a Patient Navigator Program lead by a pharmacist and a nurse.	Readmission rate	Patients in the Patient Navigator Program had a readmission rate of 17.6%, while the controls had a 25.6% readmission rate. Results were not adjusted nor presented with a 95% CI.