Table 4.

Influence of switching to a different contraception class on the development of incident clinical acne and treatment escalation (n=113,708)

	Incident Acne
	HR (95% CI), crude	HR (95% CI), adj
Contraception Class
Combined oral contraceptive		[Reference]
Progesterone only oral contraceptive	1.64 (1.19 to 2.27)	1.70 (1.23 to 2.35)
Copper Intrauterine Device	1.80 (1.35 to 2.42)	1.76 (1.31 to 2.36)
Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device	1.95 (1.70 to 2.23)	1.93 (1.69 to 2.22)
Etonogestrel Implant	1.68 (1.25 to 2.24)	1.45 (1.08 to 1.95)
DMPA Injection	0.71 (0.34 to 1.49)	0.62 (0.29 to 1.30)
None	1.00 (0.92 to 1.09)	1.03 (0.95 to 1.12)
History of polycystic ovarian syndrome		0.81 (0.67 to 0.98)
Calendar year contraception was started		1.03 (1.01 to 1.04)
Non-acne visits prior to index date, sqrt		1.00 (0.98 to 1.03)
Non-acne visits after index date, sqrt		1.11 (1.09 to 1.14)
Age
<20 years-old		[Reference]
20–24 years-old		0.96 (0.87 to 1.07)
25–29 years-old		1.03 (0.93 to 1.14)
30–34 years-old		0.93 (0.84 to 1.03)
35–40 years-old		0.72 (0.64 to 0.79)

HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; DMPA: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; adj: adjusted