Study	Reason for exclusion
Adamian 2004	Confounded comparison groups
Adams 2000	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications. No measure of treatment outcome
Adams 2001	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Adler 2004	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Al Rashed 2002	No measure of treatment outcome
Al‐Saffer 2005	Follow‐up too short. Follow‐up rate < 80%. Pseudo‐randomization method. No measure of treatment outcome
Alhalaiqa 2012	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Allen 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Alves da Costa 2005	Follow‐up too short
Antoni 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Armour 2007	Missing data on adherence outcome
Arthur 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Atherton‐Naji 2001	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Azrin 1998	Only 2 months of follow‐up
Baker 2001	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Ball 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Banet 1997	No measure of compliance with medication at baseline
Barbanel 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Barcelo 2001	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Bass 1986	Confounded comparison groups
Begley 1997	No specific disease/disorder being treated. No specific medication. No specific measure of treatment outcome
Berg 1997	Study duration too short
Berg 2011	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Bertakis 1986	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Binstock 1986	Missing data on adherence
Birrer 1984	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Birtwhistle 2004	Confounded comparison groups
Bisserbe 1997	Study duration too short
Bodsworth 1997	No compliance data presented and < 80% follow‐up
Bogner 2008	Follow‐up rate < 80%
BonAdASIA 2009	No measure of medication adherence
Bonner 2002	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Bouvy 2003a	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Bouvy 2003b	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Brodaty 1983	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Brook 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Brook 2003	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Brook 2005	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Brotons 2005	No measure of adherence outcome
Brown 1987	Missing description of disease outcome
Brown 1997b	No measure of compliance with medications
Browne 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Buchanan‐Lee 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Bukstein 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Bungay 2004	No measurement of adherence
Burkhart 2002	Only 5 weeks of follow‐up
Burnand 2002	10‐week follow‐up
Bussmann 2009	Patients not randomized to intervention but to drug. Patients randomized to one drug were crossed over to the other. Adherence was not described
Caine 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Canto De Cetina 2001	Not self administered medication
Cantor 1985	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Capoccia 2004	Confounded comparison groups
Cargill 1992	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Carroll 2004	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Celik 1997	Follow‐up < 80%
Chaisson 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Chang 2010	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Chang 2011	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Cheng 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Cheung 1988	Confounded comparison groups
Chien 2006	No measure of adherence outcome
Chiou‐Tan 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Chisholm 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Choi 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Clancy 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Clarkin 1998	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Clifford 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Cochran 1984	38 patients were randomized before consent. When consent was requested, only 28 (74%) agreed so that the maximum follow‐up was less than 80%. 2 additional patients dropped out after giving consent
Cockburn 1997	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Cohn 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Colom 2003	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Cooper 2004	No measurement of adherence
Cordina 2001	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Couturaud 2002	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Cramer 2003	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Crilly 2005	No measure of adherence outcome
Criswell 2010	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Crockett 2006	Follow‐up too short
Cukiernik 2007	Effectiveness study
Daley 1992	Missing description of disease outcome
Datto 2003	Confounding of physician adherence intervention with patient adherence intervention
de Bruin 2010	They combined the post‐intervention (3 months) and follow‐up (7 months)  results and found significant results
De Jonghe 2001	Confounded comparison groups
de Klerk 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
de Lusignan 2001	No measure of medication adherence
de Wit 2001	Follow‐up too short (8 weeks)
Dehesa 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Deinzer 2006	No measure of adherence outcome
Delaronde 2005	Follow‐up rate < 80%. Pseudo‐randomization method
Demiralay 2002	Follow‐up too short (only 2 months)
Demyttenaere 1998	Study too short duration
Demyttenaere 2001	Confounded comparison groups
DiIorio 2003	Follow‐up too short (only 2 months)
Dittrich 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Donadio 2001	No measure of medication adherence
Edworthy 1999	Follow‐up too short (only 8 weeks)
Elixhauser 1990	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Eron 2000	Regimen/follow‐up too short (only 16 weeks for HIV therapy)
Eshelman 1976	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Evers 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Falloon 1985	Missing data on adherence
Feaster 2010	Follow‐up rate < 80% at a time point for which they provide results
Feinstein 1959	Confounded comparison groups
Fennell 1994	Confounded comparison groups
Ferrante 2010	Adherence is measured in the intervention group only. It is only available as part of a composite outcome
Finkelstein 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Finley 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Finney 1985	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Fisher 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Franchini 2006	Not randomized
Francis 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Frangou 2005	Follow‐up too short
Freemantle 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Frick 2001	No patients are prescribed medication for a medical (including psychological) disorder
Fujioka 2003	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Fumaz 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Gabriel 1977	Missing description of disease outcome
Gallefoss 2004	Confounded comparison groups
Garcao 2002	The intervention is confounded
Garety 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%. No measure of adherence outcome
Garnett 1981	Missing description of disease outcome
Gibbs 1989	Missing description of disease outcome
Gilfillin 2002	No measure of medication adherence
Godemann 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Goodyer 1995	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Goujard 2003	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Graham 2002a	Confounded comparison groups
Graham 2002b	Only 4 months follow‐up
Grant 2003	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Gray 2006	n/a
Gupta 2001	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Gustafson 2012	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Guthrie 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Gwadry‐Sridhar 2005	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Hamet 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Hamilton 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Hammond 2001	No measure of medication adherence
Hampton 2001	Confounded comparison groups
Hardstaff 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Haubrich 1999	Less than 80% follow‐up at 6 months
Hayes 2003	Patients are not prescribed a medication
Heard 1999	In addition to 3 asthma clinic sessions, a GP consultation (where medications could be potentially be altered) was added to the intervention group. Also, it is unclear whether medication adherence is actually measured (i.e. paper only states that 'medication use' is assessed)
Herschorn 2004	Follow‐up rate < 80%. Follow‐up too short
Hertling 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Hesselink 2004	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Hoffman 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Holzemer 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Hommel 2012	No patient outcome comparisons between treatment groups
Hornung 1998a	Patients initially randomized into treatment groups. However, these groups were re‐arranged (not randomly) for the purposes of analysis
Hovell 2003	No outcomes measured
Insull 2001	Confounded comparison groups
Jameson 1995	Confounded intervention group (combined adherence intervention with adjustments to medications)
Johnson 1997	Study too short duration
Johnson 2006	No endpoints reported
Jones 2003	10 weeks of follow‐up
Kakuda 2001	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Kardas 2001	Confounded comparison groups
Katelaris 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Katon 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Katon 2004	Measured adherence outcomes but no results reported. Unclear whether all patients were on a medication (some took insulin and some had antidepressants)
Kelly 1988	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Kelly 1990	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Kelly 1991	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Kiarie 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Klein 2001	No measure of adherence
Kogos Jr. 2004	Not randomized. Patients are prescribed medication for a chronic condition but does not specify the medical disorder (might be a range). Unknown follow‐up status. Follow‐up too short
Krantz 2008	Confounded comparison groups
Krein 2004	Confounded comparison groups
Kritikos 2007	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Kronish 2012	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Krudsood 2002	No measure of medication adherence
Kumar 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Kutcher 2002	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Lafeuillade 2001	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Laffel 2003	No measure of adherence
Lam 2003	Intervention was 12 to 18 sessions of cognitive therapy, which is a confounder
Laramee 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Lawson 2005	Intervention not tailored to improve adherence, only to adjust insulin levels
Leal 2004	No measurement of adherence
Lee 2003	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Leenan 1997	Study too short duration
Lemstra 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Lerman 2009	No inter‐group comparisons
Leung 2003	Different medications in the 2 arms (rifampin + pyrazinamid versus isoniazid) as well as different durations (2 months versus 6 months)
Levesque 1983	Confounded comparison groups
Levine 1979	Missing data on adherence
Levy 2004	Follow‐up too short. Follow‐up rate < 80%
Lewis 1984	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Lin 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Linkewich 1974	Missing description of disease outcome
Linszen 1996	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Logan 1979	Confounded comparison groups
Lopez‐Vina 2000	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Lwilla 2003	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Macalino 2007	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
MacIntyre 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Maiman 1978	Missing description of disease outcome
Malotte 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Manders 2001	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Mann 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Mannheimer 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Mannheimer 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Mantzaris 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Marquez Contreras 2004b	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Maslennikova 1998	Confounded: patients in education group also visited 'super‐specialist' doctors, while the control group received no education and also only visited regular primary doctors. Therefore, cannot separate effects of the education from the effects of having different physicians
Maspero 2001	Confounded comparison groups
Matsuyama 1993	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Maxwell 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Mazzuca 1986	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
McCrindle 1997	Study duration too short
McFarlane 1995	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Miklowitz 2000	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Miklowitz 2003	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Millard 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Miller 1990	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Mita 2003	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Morisky 1980	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Morisky 1983	Missing data on adherence
Morisky 1990	Missing description of disease outcome
Morisky 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Moulding 2002	No measure of treatment outcome
Moya 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%. Not an RCT
Muhlig 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Mundt 2001	Less than 80% follow‐up at 6 months
Murphy 2002	No measure of treatment outcome
Murphy 2007	Unclear follow‐up percentage
Murray 1993	Missing description of disease outcome
Myers 1984	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Myers 1992	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Nachega 2010	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Nansel 2007	Insufficient information about insulin administration. No inter‐group comparison on adherence to insulin administration
Naunton 2003	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Nessman 1980	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Ngoh 1997	No measure of treatment outcome reported
Nides 1993	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Noonan 2001	Confounded comparison groups
Nyomba 2004	76% follow‐up rate
O'Connor 1996	Non‐randomised trial
O'Suilleabhain 2002	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Obreli Neto 2011	No between‐group comparisons
Ogedegbe 2008	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Onyirimba 2003	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Pearce 2008	Follow‐up rate < 80%. Missing data on adherence outcome
Phan 1995	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Piette 2001	Confounded
Pladevall 2010	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Polonsky 2003	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Ponnusankar 2004	No measurement of treatment outcome
Pop Eleches 2011	No patient outcomes
Poplawska 2004	No measurement of adherence
Portilla 2003	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Purcell 2004	No measure of treatment outcome. Not all participants taking medication
Putnam 1994	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Qazi 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Ran 2003	Not self administered medication
Rapoff 2002	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Rathbun 2005	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Raynor 1993	Missing description of disease outcome
Razali 1997	Compliance measured to determine eligibility, but not measured through the course of the study
Rehder 1980	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Reid 2005	Addiction study (alcoholism)
Rettig 1986	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Rich 1996	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Rickheim 2002a	No measure of medication adherence
Rickheim 2002b	No measure of medication adherence
Rigsby 2000	Follow‐up less than 6 months, and trial is not definitively negative since there are fewer than 50 patients per group
Riis 2001	Confounded comparison groups
Rimer 1987	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Robinson 1986	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Rodriguez 2003	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Rosen 2004	Follow‐up time was only 4 months
Ross 2004	78.5% follow‐up rate
Roy‐Byrne 2001	Confounded: part of intervention included pharmacotherapy with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, whereas usual care patients received 'treatment as usual' from their physician. Therefore, control and intervention groups may have different drug regimens
Rudnicka 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Ruiz 2010	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Ruoff 2005	Follow‐up rate < 80%. No control group. Follow‐up too short
Rytter 2010	No measure of medication adherence
Safren 2003	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Safren 2009	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Sanchez 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Sanmarti 1993	Missing description of disease outcome
Santschi 2008	Adherence measured in the intervention group only
Saunders 1991	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Sawicki 1999	Confounded comparison groups
Schmaling 2001	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Schneider 2008	Pseudo‐randomization method
Schoenbaum 2001	No measure of medication adherence
Schousboe 2005	No clear measure of treatment outcome
Schwartz 1981	Confounded comparison groups
Sclar 1991	Missing description of disease outcome
Seal 2003	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Segador 2005	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Seggev 1998	Follow‐up rate < 80% (78.8%)
Sellors 1997	No treatment outcome measured
Sellwood 2001	Confounded comparison groups
Serfaty 2002	No measure of treatment outcome
Serfaty 2003	Confounded comparison groups
Shames 2004	Confounded comparison groups
Sharpe 1974	Missing description of disease outcome
Shepard 1979	Missing data on adherence
Sherbourne 2001	No measure of medication adherence
Sherman 2001	Confounded comparison groups, and no intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Shetty 1997	No random assignment to treatment groups
Silverman 2002	No measure of medication adherence
Simkins 1986	Missing description of disease outcome
Simmons 2001	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Simon 2002	No measure of medication adherence
Simon 2005	Intervention aimed at changing prescribing behavior. No measure of adherence. Follow‐up rate < 80%
Simon 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Smith 1986	Missing description of disease outcome
Smith 2003	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Solomon 1988	Missing description of disease outcome. Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Solomon 1997	Study too short duration
Stringer 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Stuart 2003	No measure of treatment outcome
Sturgess 2003	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Stuurman‐Bieze 2005	Follow‐up too short. No data on control group. No measure of treatment outcome
Suppapitiporn 2005	No measure of adherence outcome. Unknown follow‐up status
Surwit 2002	No measure of medication adherence
Svoren 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Swartz 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Sáez 2011	Missing information about the intervention
Taggart 1981	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Takala 1979	Missing data on adherence
Tan 2011	Insufficient time to follow‐up
Tapanya 1997	Study too short duration
Taylor 2001	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Taylor 2003	The interventions are mainly directed at enhancing therapy though reviewing patients' drug regimens. Enhancing adherence is a secondary objective; for the outcomes measured, the independent effects of the adherence part cannot be separated out
Ting 2012	Adherence to clinic visits not adherence to medications
Tinkelman 1980	Confounded comparison groups
Tobari 2010	Medication adherence not the main focus of the study
Toyota 2003	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Treiber 2002	Confounded comparison groups
Trienekens 1993	Confounded comparison groups
Unutzer 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Unutzer 2002	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Vale 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Valles 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Van der 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Van Dyke 2002	Confounded comparison groups and no intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
van Es 2001	No measure of treatment outcome
Van Servellen 2005	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Vander Stichele 1992	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Velasco 2002	No measure of medication adherence
VeldhuizenScott 1995	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Vestergaard 1997	No treatment outcome reported
Vetter 1999	No compliance intervention, since patients in control group received clarithromycin 250 mg twice daily, while patients in intervention group received clarithromycin 500mg (modified release) once daily PLUS placebo
Villeneuve 2010	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Vivian 2002	Confounded: the intervention included both changing medications as needed and compliance counseling
Vrijens 1997	Study duration too short
Wagner 2002	No measure of treatment outcome
Walker 2006	Confounded comparison groups. No specific disease/disorder being treated. Inadequate measure of clinical outcome
Walker 2011	No inter‐group comparisons for the adherence measures
Wang 2011	No inter‐group comparisons
Wasilewski 2000	Confounded: different medications and different medication schedule in intervention and control groups
Webb 1980	Confounded comparison groups
Weiss 2002	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Wells 2004	Confounded comparison groups
Williams 1986	Missing description of disease outcome
Williams 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Williams 2012	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Windsor 1990	Missing description of disease outcome
Wise 1986	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Wohl 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Wong 1987	Missing description of disease outcome
Wright 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Wu 2006	Follow‐up rate < 80%
Xiang 1994	Follow‐up too short or on less than 80% of participants
Xiao 2001	No intervention intended to affect adherence with prescribed, self administered medications
Yeboah‐Antwi 2001	No measure of medication adherence
Yuan 2003	No measure of medication adherence
Zarnke 1997	Study too short duration
Zermansky 2002	Patients are not prescribed medication for a medical (including psychological) disorder
Ziauddin Hyder 2002	No measure of treatment outcome