Clavel 1992 +NG.

Methods	Randomized trial of acupuncture Country: France Recruitment: Community volunteers responding to circulated leaflet 2x2 factorial design (Smokers in this study who were randomized to placebo nicotine gum are represented by the study labelled 'Clavel 1992')
Participants	481 adults aged over 18, smoking >10 cigs/day
Interventions	a) facial acupuncture to two points (GB8 and Bitong), with active nicotine gum (2mg dose, up to 30 pieces/day, during first 6 months) b) sham acupuncture (wrong points 2cm from the above), with active nicotine gum (administration as above) Acupuncture given on days 0, 7 and 28
Outcomes	Sustained abstinence at 1 and 13 months. (Outcome at 4 years reported in another publication) 'Need for cigarette' estimated weekly for 1 month Validation: nil
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details: 'Tirés au sort'
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Factorial, double‐dummy design; described as double blind; no details of blinding of the observer
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	80% dropout at one month
Other bias	Unclear risk	No description of baseline differences