Figure 14:

Deformations of the anisotropic Cook’s membrane benchmark (Section 4.3), along with mean values of J within each element calculated via equation (69), using the modified standard reinforcing model, equations (53) – (56). The background Eulerian grid is not depicted. Shown here are solid meshes with Q1 elements and m = 2601 solid DOF. The first row is shows cases with ν_stab = .4, and the second row shows cases with second column depicts cases with unmodified invariants. Notice that the case with unmodified invariants and zero numerical bulk modulus leads to ν_stab = −1 (here equivalent to κ_stab = 0 and no volumetric-based stabilization). The first column depicts cases with modified invariants, and the second column depicts cases with unmodified invariants. Notice that the case with unmodified invariants and zero numerical bulk modulus leads to a collapsed element on the face where the traction is applied.