Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics (N = 509).
| Characteristics | Level/Unit | Median (IQR) or N (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||
| Maternal age at enrollment | Years | 27.4 (23.3, 31.7) |
| ETS exposure in pregnancya | Yes | 180 (35%) |
| Maternal education | < High school | 211 (41%) |
| High School | 178 (35%) | |
| > High School | 120 (24%) | |
| Birth season | Dry/cold | 188 (37%) |
| Dry/warm | 103 (20%) | |
| Rainy | 218 (43%) | |
| Gestational age | Weeks | 39 (38, 39) |
| NLEs during pregnancyb | Score | 3 (2, 5) |
| Air pollution | ||
| Average PM2.5 in pregnancy | μg/m3 | 22.9 (20.6, 24.4) |
| Average PM2.5 in 1st year postpartum | μg/m3 | 22.8 (20.8, 24.0) |
| Depression symptoms | ||
| EPDS during pregnancy, total | Score | 8 (4, 13) |
| EPDS at 1 month, total | Score | 6(2, 11) |
| EPDS at 6 months, total | Score | 5 (2, 10) |
| Anhedonia subscale | Score | 0 (0, 2) |
| Anxiety subscale | Score | 2 (1, 5) |
| Depression subscale | Score | 1 (0, 4) |
| Probable depression, pregnancy | EPDS ≥ 13 | 136 (27%) |
| Probable PPD, 1 month | EPDS ≥ 13 | 93 (18%) |
| Probable PPD, 6 months | EPDS ≥ 13 | 90 (18%) |
a
Presence of at least one smoker in the household during pregnancy.
b
Sum of negative life events during pregnancy assessed by the CRISYS survey.