Table 5. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis of the association of cardiovascular specific polypharmacy and its predictor variables in the cardiovascular patients attending the outpatient clinic of UoGCSH, 2019 (N = 424).

Variables	Presence of CV Polypharmacy		Crude odds ratio 95% CI	P-value	Adjusted Odds ratio 95% CI	P-value
	Yes (%)	No (%)
Age				0.017		0.039
18–64 years	18	253	1		1
≥ 65 years	21	132	2.24(1.15–4.34)*		1.3(1.14–3.87)*
BMI category				0.007*		0.016
Normal weight	12	226	1		1
Underweight	6	30	3.77(1.32–10.78)*	0.013	3.8(1.03–13.98)*	0.045
Overweight	13	95	2.58(1.14–5.85)*	0.024	2.77(1.09–7.05)*	0.032
Obese	8	34	4.43(1.69–11.63)*	0.002	5.38(1.70–17.00)*	0.004
Residence				0.19		0.620
Urban	30	276	1.32(0.61–2.86)		1.26(0.51–3.07)
Rural	9	109	1		1
Physical activity				0.011		0.063
Sedentary	13	55	2.48(0.76–8.16)	0.135	1.73(0.46–6.54)	0.417
Moderate exercise	22	288	0.80(0.26–2.44)	0.698	0.64(0.19–2.19)	0.480
Vigorous exercise	4	42	1		1
Family History of CVD				0.26		0.155
Yes	10	70	1.55(0.72–3.33)		1.89(0.79–4.52)
No	29	315	1		1
Age at diagnosis (Mean ± SD)	55.77 ±15.79	50.55 ±15.64	1.02(1.00–1.05)	0.049*	1.06(0.97–1.16)	0.195
Duration in years since starting treatment (Mean ± SD)	6.34±11.5	5.27±5.37	1.02(0.98–1.07)	0.306	1.04(0.97–1.12)	0.238
Charlson comorbidity Index score (Mean ± SD)	2.85±0.93	2.02±1.40	1.36(1.14–1.63)*	0.001	1.27(1.02–1.69)*	0.035
No of medical conditions (Mean ± SD)	2.38±0.82	1.76±0.77	2.35(1.61–3.44)**	<0.001	1.44(0.8–2.58)	0.221
Past medical History				0.18		0.334
Yes	4	39	1.01(0.34–3.00)		0.54(0.15–1.89)
No	35	346	1		1
CVD Complication				<0.001		0.004
Yes	27	119	5.03(2.46–10.27)*		3.49(1.5–8.12)*
No	12	266	1		1
Presence of Co-morbidity				0.218		0.285
Yes	20	169	1.35(0.7–2.6)		0.65(0.29–1.44)
No	19	216	1		1