Table 2. Behavioural, dietary, and biological characteristics of study participants (N = 894).
| Characteristics | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Currently smoke/sniff/chew any tobacco products | ||
| No | 681 | (76.2) |
| Yes | 213 | (23.8) |
| Currently, in the past 12 months consume any alcohol | ||
| No | 720 | (80.5) |
| Yes | 174 | (19.5) |
| Red meat consumption | ||
| No | 5 | (0.6) |
| Yes | 889 | (99.4) |
| Ingest cow’s blood | ||
| No | 644 | (72.0) |
| Yes | 250 | (28.0) |
| Form of blood ingested (N = 250) | ||
| Fresh | 181 | (72.4) |
| Processed | 29 | (11.6) |
| Both | 40 | (16.0) |
| Frequency of ingesting animal (cow) blood (N = 250) | ||
| Occasionally | 151 | (60.4) |
| Often | 90 | (36.0) |
| Always | 9 | (3.6) |
| Frequency of adding animal fats to the food right before eating | ||
| Never | 273 | (30.5) |
| Rarely | 272 | (30.4) |
| Sometimes | 349 | (39.0) |
| Weekly physical activities (work/walk/bicycle/sport) | ||
| No | 23 | (2.6) |
| Yes | 871 | (97.4) |
| Family history of any CVDs from 1st degree relative | ||
| No | 853 | (95.4) |
| Yes | 41 | (4.6) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||
| [Mean (SD)] | 21.9 (3.9) | |
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 619 | (69.2) |
| Underweight (≤18.4) | 134 | (15.0) |
| Overweight (25–29.9) | 108 | (12.1) |
| Obese (≥30) | 33 | (3.7) |
| Waist to Hip Ratio (abnormal: >0.90(males) & >0.85(females) | ||
| [Mean (SD)] | 0.9(0.1) | |
| Normal | 390 | (43.6) |
| Abnormal | 504 | (56.4) |
| Blood glucose level in mmol/L (RBG>11 or FBG>7 = Raised) | ||
| [Mean (SD)] | [5.2(1.3)]¥[5.3(2.7)]* | |
| Normal | 882 | (98.7) |
| Raised blood glucose | 12 | (1.3) |
| Total cholesterol in mg/dl | ||
| [Mean (SD)] | 177.7(38.9) | |
| Normal | 682 | (76.3) |
| Raised TC | 212 | (23.7) |
| Average SBP in mmHg [Mean (SD)] | 117.6 (15.2) | |
| Average DBP in mmHg [Mean (SD)] | 75.4 (10.2) |
¥ Random blood glucose [RBG] (total number = 853)
*Fasting blood glucose [FBG] (total number = 41)
SBP = Systolic Blood pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood pressure.