Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| By-group analysis |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Overall (n = 65) | Before (n = 36) | After (n = 29) | p-value |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 48.8 (19.0) | 52.1 (19.8) | 44.7 (17.4) | .118 |
| Female sex | 33 (50.8%) | 15 (41.7%) | 18 (62.1%) | .102 |
| Race | .956 | |||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 3 (5.0%) | 2 (6.1%) | 1 (3.7%) | |
| Black or African American | 23 (38.3%) | 14 (42.4%) | 9 (33.3%) | |
| White | 20 (33.3%) | 10 (30.3%) | 10 (37.0%) | |
| Other or Multi-Racial | 14 (23.3%) | 7 (21.2%) | 7 (25.9%) | |
| Latino or Hispanic ethnicity | 22 (42.3%) | 13 (43.3%) | 9 (40.9%) | .567 |
| Spanish as preferred language | 9 (14.1%) | 4 (11.4%) | 5 (17.2%) | .544 |
| Country of origin | .125 | |||
| United States | 40 (62.5%) | 21 (60.0%) | 19 (65.5%) | |
| Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico | 11 (17.2%) | 4 (11.4%) | 7 (24.1%) | |
| Other | 13 (20.3%) | 10 (28.6%) | 3 (10.3%) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Education | .053 | |||
| Less than high school graduate or GED | 11 (17.4%) | 6 (17.6%) | 5 (17.2%) | |
| High school graduate or GED | 17 (27.0%) | 7 (20.6%) | 10 (34.5%) | |
| Associate’s degree or some college | 19 (30.2%) | 15 (44.1%) | 4 (13.8%) | |
| College graduate or higher | 16 (25.4%) | 6 (17.6%) | 10 (34.5%) | |
| Annual household income | .229 | |||
| Comfortable | 21 (35.6%) | 8 (25.8%) | 13 (46.4%) | |
| Enough to make ends meet | 27 (45.8%) | 17 (54.8%) | 10 (35.7%) | |
| Not enough to make ends meet | 11 (18.6%) | 6 (19.4%) | 5 (17.9%) | |
| Technology literacy | ||||
| Can access the Internet | 48 (78.7%) | 23 (71.9%) | 25 (86.2%) | .083 |
| Has access to desktop, laptop, or tableta | 37 (56.9%) | 18 (50.0%) | 19 (65.5%) | .365 |
| Daily Internet use in past 30 daysa | .122 | |||
| < 1 hour/day | 8 (16.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | 4 (16.0%) | |
| 1-2 hours/day | 14 (28.0%) | 9 (36.0%) | 5 (20.0%) | |
| 3-4 hours/day | 15 (30.0%) | 9 (36.0%) | 6 (24.0%) | |
| ≥ 5 hours/day | 13 (26.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 10 (40.0%) | |
| Health literacy | ||||
| Inadequate health literacy | 20 (46.9%) | 16 (45.7%) | 14 (48.3%) | .838 |
| Patient activation | ||||
| Patient Activation Measure score | 62.8 (1.8) | 62.4 (2.6) | 63.3 (2.4) | .800 |
| Patient activation level | .452 | |||
| Level 1 | 6 (9.4%) | 5 (14.3%) | 1 (3.5%) | |
| Level 2 | 10 (15.6%) | 4 (11.4%) | 6 (20.7%) | |
| Level 3 | 36 (56.3%) | 19 (54.3%) | 17 (58.6%) | |
| Level 4 | 12 (18.8%) | 7 (20.0%) | 5 (17.2%) | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Emergency Severity Index score | 2.59 (0.53) | 2.53 (0.51) | 2.68 (0.55) | .664 |
| Emergency Severity Index level | .376 | |||
| Level 2 | 27 (42.2%) | 17 (47.2%) | 10 (35.7%) | |
| Level 3 | 36 (56.3%) | 19 (52.8%) | 17 (60.7%) | |
| Level 4 | 1 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | |
| Median days since last visit | 31.5 (8-115) | 58.5 (8-193) | 28.0 (13-120) | .735 |
| Number of home medications | 6.65 (6.15) | 5.60 (5.28) | 7.89 (6.98) | .143 |
Continuous variables reported as mean (SD), except “median days since last visit,” reported as median (IQR).
Categorical variables reported as n (%). Percentages adjusted to account for missing data.
Abbreviations: GED: General Equivalency Diploma.
a
Includes only participants who reported access to the Internet.