Table 1.
Anthropometry and Metabolic Variables, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Markers
| Control (n = 9) | Protein (n = 9) | Statistics | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Baseline | Bed Rest | Baseline | Bed Rest | BR Effect | Trt Effect | BR*Trt Effect |
| Age, y | 31.0 ± 2.1 | 31.0 ± 2.1 | |||||
| Height, m | 1.80 ± 0.02 | 1.80 ± 0.02 | |||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 0.5 | 23.6 ± 0.5 | 23.9 ± 0.5 | 23.6 ± 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.81 | 0.97 |
| BM and body composition | |||||||
| BM, kg | 77.2 ± 1.9 | 76.3 ± 1.9 | 77.3 ± 1.6 | 76.4 ± 1.5 | 0.02 | 0.91 | 0.97 |
| FM, kg | 18.6 ± 1.3 | 18.0 ± 1.1 | 17.7 ± 1.1 | 18.1 ± 1.1 | 0.72 | 0.61 | 0.56 |
| % FM | 23.8 ± 1.1 | 23.5 ± 1.0 | 22.9 ± 1.0 | 23.5 ± 1.0 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.47 |
| FFM, kg | 59.0 ± 1.3 | 58.4 ± 1.1 | 59.0 ± 1.0 | 58.5 ± 0.8 | 0.03 | 0.34 | 0.55 |
| Leg lean BM, kg | 19.5 ± 0.6 | 18.9 ± 0.5 | 19.3 ± 0.5 | 18.8 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.60 |
| Liver fat content, % | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | <0.01 | 0.52 | 0.07 |
| Calf fat content, % | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.80 | 0.59 |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue, pixels | 8573.7 ± 980.3 | 8049.1 ± 841.7 | 8887.0 ± 1057.5 | 7646.0 ± 1021.0 | 0.01 | 0.41 | 0.34 |
| Visceral adipose tissue, pixels | 3878.0 ± 548.6 | 3538.4 ± 543.2 | 3254.7 ± 443.7 | 3477.6 ± 381.7 | 0.24 | 0.54 | 0.76 |
| Plasma fasting metabolic variables | |||||||
| Glucose, g/L | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 0.84 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.03 | 0.87 ± 0.03 | 0.68 | 0.10 | 0.76 |
| Insulin, mIU/L | 6.01 ± 0.73 | 6.09 ± 0.43 | 4.88 ± 0.49 | 5.55 ± 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.08 | 0.53 |
| QUICKI | 1.56 ± 0.13 | 1.75 ± 0.16 | 1.46 ± 0.07 | 1.56 ± 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.65 |
| Total glucose, mmol/L | 0.77 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 0.77 ± 0.09 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.20 |
| NEFA, mmol/L | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.37 ± 0.05 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.46 | 0.83 |
| LDL/HDL cholesterol, % | 0.145 ± 0.015 | 0.151 ± 0.016 | 0.148 ± 0.014 | 0.165 ± 0.009 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.52 |
| Leptin, ng/mL | 8.92 ± 4.14 | 4.57 ± 0.90 | 7.55 ± 2.69 | 7.30 ± 3.06 | 0.19 | 0.71 | 0.24 |
| Total adiponectin, μg/mL | 5.03 ± 0.39 | 3.25 ± 0.31 | 5.07 ± 0.54 | 3.28 ± 0.43 | <0.001 | 0.83 | 0.99 |
| High-molecular-weight adiponectin, μg/mL | 2.87 ± 0.27 | 1.88 ± 0.18 | 2.80 ± 0.26 | 1.94 ± 0.26 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.60 |
| Plasma inflammation markers | |||||||
| ALT, IU/L | 14.13 ± 1.25 | 15.79 ± 1.13 | 15.53 ± 1.74 | 19.57 ± 2.41 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.41 |
| AST, (IU/L) | 19.23 ± 1.90 | 17.33 ± 1.27 | 19.83 ± 1.57 | 18.28 ± 1.46 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.83 |
| GGT, IU/L | 18.83 ± 2.94 | 18.29 ± 2.86 | 17.00 ± 2.34 | 17.69 ± 2.37 | 0.95 | 0.17 | 0.58 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 0.053 ± 0.014 | 0.054 ± 0.013 | 0.046 ± 0.011 | 0.043 ± 0.013 | 0.65 | 0.40 | 0.94 |
| Plasma oxidative stress markers | |||||||
| KRL, mmol of Trolox/L of plasma | 4.97 ± 0.20 | 4.71 ± 0.18 | 5.04 ± 0.18 | 4.53 ± 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.70 | 0.49 |
Data are means ± standard error of the mean. SignificantP values < 0.05 are indicated in bold.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; BR, bed rest; CRP, C-reactive protein; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; KRL, Kit Radicaux Libres; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid; QUICKI, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index; Trt, treatment.