TABLE 2.
Changes in sleep patterns of adults who are overweight or obese after 5 wk of following a Mediterranean dietary pattern with different amounts of lean, unprocessed red meat1
Med-Red Pattern | Med-Control Pattern | P | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (n = 34) | Post (n = 35) | Change | Within-patternP2 | Baseline (n = 36) | Post (n = 37) | Change | Within-patternP2 | Time | Time × pattern | |
Time in bed, min | 442 ± 10 | 431 ± 9 | −12 ± 10 | 0.023 | 427 ± 10 | 447 ± 9 | 20 ± 10 | 0.012 | 0.31 | 0.006 |
Time sleeping, min | 401 ± 9 | 393 ± 9 | −8 ± 9 | 0.21 | 388 ± 9 | 409 ± 9 | 21 ± 9 | 0.016 | 0.21 | 0.008 |
Sleep efficiency, % | 85 ± 1 | 85 ± 1 | 0 ± 1 | N/A | 84 ± 1 | 85 ± 1 | 1 ± 1 | N/A | 0.34 | 0.40 |
WASO | 37 ± 2† | 33 ± 2 | −4 ± 1 | 0.005 | 34 ± 2 | 35 ± 2 | 1 ± 1 | 0.17 | 0.15 | <0.001* |
Onset latency, min | 17 ± 2 | 17 ± 3 | 0 ± 3 | N/A | 15 ± 2 | 16 ± 3 | 1 ± 3 | N/A | 0.41 | 0.77 |
1Values are least-square means ± least-square mean SEMs. All values were extracted from a doubly repeated-measures ANOVA adjusted for age, sex, and body mass at each time point. An average of 3 nights of data were analyzed at each time point. *P value robust to Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons.†Difference in baseline values robust to Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Med-Control Pattern, Mediterranean-style eating pattern with ∼200 g of lean, unprocessed red meat/wk; Med-Red Pattern, Mediterranean-style eating pattern with ∼500 g of lean, unprocessed red meat/wk; N/A, not assessed; WASO, wake after sleep onset in minutes.
2Post hoc pattern-specific effects were analyzed when time × patternP < 0.05.