TABLE 2.

Changes in sleep patterns of adults who are overweight or obese after 5 wk of following a Mediterranean dietary pattern with different amounts of lean, unprocessed red meat¹

	Med-Red Pattern				Med-Control Pattern				P
	Baseline (n = 34)	Post (n = 35)	Change	Within-patternP2	Baseline (n = 36)	Post (n = 37)	Change	Within-patternP2	Time	Time × pattern
Time in bed, min	442 ± 10	431 ± 9	−12 ± 10	0.023	427 ± 10	447 ± 9	20 ± 10	0.012	0.31	0.006
Time sleeping, min	401 ± 9	393 ± 9	−8 ± 9	0.21	388 ± 9	409 ± 9	21 ± 9	0.016	0.21	0.008
Sleep efficiency, %	85 ± 1	85 ± 1	0 ± 1	N/A	84 ± 1	85 ± 1	1 ± 1	N/A	0.34	0.40
WASO	37 ± 2†	33 ± 2	−4 ± 1	0.005	34 ± 2	35 ± 2	1 ± 1	0.17	0.15	<0.001*
Onset latency, min	17 ± 2	17 ± 3	0 ± 3	N/A	15 ± 2	16 ± 3	1 ± 3	N/A	0.41	0.77

¹Values are least-square means ± least-square mean SEMs. All values were extracted from a doubly repeated-measures ANOVA adjusted for age, sex, and body mass at each time point. An average of 3 nights of data were analyzed at each time point. *P value robust to Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons.^†Difference in baseline values robust to Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple comparisons. Med-Control Pattern, Mediterranean-style eating pattern with ∼200 g of lean, unprocessed red meat/wk; Med-Red Pattern, Mediterranean-style eating pattern with ∼500 g of lean, unprocessed red meat/wk; N/A, not assessed; WASO, wake after sleep onset in minutes.

²Post hoc pattern-specific effects were analyzed when time × patternP < 0.05.