Table 1. PI and dietary intake levels of food components included in the PI calculation stratified by sex (KNHANES 2008–2016, n = 31,319).

		Sex		P value
		Men	Women
PI		12.68 ± 0.11	16.49 ± 0.12	< 0.001
	Median	9.96	13.63
Caloric intake levels derived from food groups (kcal)1)
	Whole grains	64.68 ± 1.43	75.94 ± 1.30	< 0.001
	Vegetables	56.33 ± 0.50	59.17 ± 0.50	< 0.001
	Fruits	57.97 ± 1.36	104.01 ± 1.98	< 0.001
	Legumes	19.69 ± 0.49	21.22 ± 0.48	0.020
	Soy products	33.57 ± 0.61	29.19 ± 0.53	< 0.001
	Nuts and seeds	14.33 ± 0.53	17.91 ± 0.50	< 0.001
	Seaweeds	1.81 ± 0.07	2.09 ± 0.07	0.001
	Olive oil	0.74 ± 0.24	1.29 ± 0.25	< 0.001

Values are shown as means ± SE.

PI, phytochemical index; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

¹⁾Adjusted for age and total energy intake.