Table 4. ORs (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome and its components according to the dietary phytochemical index quintiles (n = 31,319).
| Quintile of phytochemical index | P for trend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |||
| OR | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||||
| No. of case | 1,187 | 1,189 | 1,200 | 1,258 | 1,271 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) | 1.06 (0.95–1.17) | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 1.10 (0.99–1.22) | 0.070 | |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.89 (0.80–0.99) | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.79 (0.70–0.88) | 0.76 (0.68–0.84) | < 0.001 | |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.88 (0.78–0.98) | 0.87 (0.77–0.97) | 0.82 (0.73–0.92) | 0.78 (0.69–0.88) | < 0.001 | |
| Abdominal obesity | |||||||
| No. of case | 1,735 | 1,783 | 1,853 | 1,951 | 2,087 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.17 (1.07–1.29) | 1.30 (1.19–1.43) | < 0.001 | |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | 0.91 (0.82–1.00) | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.001 | |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | 0.020 | |
| Hyperglycemia | |||||||
| No. of case | 1,281 | 1,341 | 1,353 | 1,403 | 1,408 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 1.11 (1.00–1.23) | 1.16 (1.04–1.28) | 1.16 (1.04–1.28) | 0.004 | |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) | 0.002 | |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 0.91 (0.81–1.01) | 0.87 (0.78–0.98) | 0.83 (0.74–0.94) | 0.003 | |
| High blood pressure | |||||||
| No. of case | 1,359 | 1,394 | 1,376 | 1,384 | 1,371 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 0.700 | |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.94 (0.84–1.04) | 0.92 (0.82–1.02) | 0.80 (0.71–0.89) | 0.80 (0.72–0.90) | < 0.001 | |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.93 (0.83–1.04) | 0.92 (0.82–1.03) | 0.81 (0.72–0.91) | 0.82 (0.73–0.93) | < 0.001 | |
| Hypo-HDL cholesterolemia | |||||||
| No. of case | 2,088 | 2,217 | 2,234 | 2,399 | 2,441 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.11 (1.01–1.21) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 1.28 (1.16–1.40) | 1.37 (1.25–1.50) | < 0.001 | |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 0.995 (0.90–1.10) | 0.900 | |
| Model 3 | 1 | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) | 1.01 (0.92–1.11) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | 0.500 | |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | |||||||
| No. of case | 1,708 | 1,708 | 1,622 | 1,595 | 1,567 | ||
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | 0.89 (0.81–0.97) | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | < 0.001 | |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 0.86 (0.78–0.94) | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) | 0.80 (0.72–0.88) | < 0.001 | |
| Model 3 | 1 | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.87 (0.79–0.96) | 0.86 (0.77–0.95) | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | 0.001 | |
Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjustment for age and sex; Model 3: model 2 plus additional adjustments for education level, household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity level.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Q, quintile; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.