Table 2. Effect of demographic characteristics on HbA1c level.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 349) | HbA1c ≤ 7.5 (n = 66) | HbA1c > 7.5 (n = 283) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Sex | 0.560 | ||||
| Male | 191 (54.7) | 34 (51.5) | 157 (55.5) | ||
| Female | 158 (45.3) | 32 (48.5) | 126 (44.5) | ||
| Age group (yrs) | 60.2 ± 13.3 | 0.363 | |||
| ≤ 65 | 221 (63.3) | 45 (68.2) | 176 (62.2) | ||
| > 65 | 128 (36.7) | 21 (31.8) | 107 (37.8) | ||
| Disease duration | 8.55 ± 8.17 | 0.002 | |||
| < 3 | 100 (28.7) | 29 (43.9) | 71 (25.1) | ||
| 3–10 | 124 (35.5) | 24 (36.4) | 100 (35.3) | ||
| > 10 | 125 (35.8) | 13 (19.7) | 112 (39.6) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 4.18 | 0.864 | |||
| < 24 | 129 (37.0) | 25 (37.9) | 104 (36.7) | ||
| ≥ 24 | 220 (63.0) | 41 (62.1) | 179 (63.3) | ||
| Chronic illness | 0.002 | ||||
| No | 142 (40.7) | 38 (57.6) | 104 (36.7) | ||
| Yes | 207 (59.3) | 28 (42.4) | 179 (63.3) | ||
| T2DM family history | 0.6491) | ||||
| No | 8 (2.3) | 2 (3.0) | 6 (2.1) | ||
| Yes | 341 (97.7) | 64 (97.0) | 277 (97.9) | ||
| Education level | 0.032 | ||||
| < Primary school | 64 (18.4) | 5 (7.6) | 59 (20.9) | ||
| High school or less | 146 (42.0) | 29 (43.9) | 117 (41.5) | ||
| Junior college | 138 (39.7) | 32 (48.5) | 106 (37.6) | ||
| Lifestyle (habits) | 0.560 | ||||
| ≤ 2 | 131 (37.5) | 23 (34.8) | 108 (38.2) | ||
| 3 | 144 (41.3) | 20 (30.3) | 124 (43.8) | ||
| > 3 | 74 (21.2) | 23 (34.8) | 51 (18.0) | ||
| Smoking | 0.570 | ||||
| No | 290 (83.8) | 56 (86.2) | 234 (83.3) | ||
| Yes | 56 (16.2) | 9 (13.8) | 47 (16.7) | ||
| Alcohol | 0.362 | ||||
| No | 298 (85.4) | 54 (81.8) | 244 (86.2) | ||
| Yes | 51 (14.6) | 12 (18.2) | 39 (13.8) | ||
| Regular exercise | 0.104 | ||||
| No | 190 (54.4) | 30 (45.5) | 160 (56.5) | ||
| Yes | 159 (45.6) | 36 (54.5) | 123 (43.5) | ||
| Blood glucose monitoring | 0.084 | ||||
| No | 285 (81.7) | 49 (74.2) | 236 (83.4) | ||
| Yes | 64 (18.3) | 17 (25.8) | 47 (16.6) | ||
| Regular intervals | 0.840 | ||||
| No | 213 (61.0) | 41 (62.1) | 172 (60.8) | ||
| Yes | 136 (39.0) | 25 (37.9) | 111 (39.2) | ||
HbAlc, glycated hemoglobin A1c; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
1)Fisher test.