Table 3. Changes in nutrition intake (macronutrient) of the participating moderate to severe obese children and adolescents.
| Variable | Adherent1) (n = 34) | Non-adherent2) (n = 32) | P4) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Δ Change (%) | Baseline | Follow-up | Δ Change (%) | |||
| Energy3) (kcal) | ||||||||
| Boys | 2,608.3 ± 533.91) | 2,075.1 ± 366.6** | −533.2 (20.4) | 2,299.9 ± 340.4 | 2,170.2 ± 507.4** | −129.8 (5.6) | 0.165 | |
| Girls | 2,536.1 ± 436.7 | 1,914.2 ± 375.4** | −621.9 (24.5) | 2,318.8 ± 340.4 | 1,727.7 ± 355.9** | −591.1 (25.5) | 168 | |
| C:P:F (%) | 53.1:15.5:30.9 | 53.3:16.1:29.7 | 0.2:0.5:−1.2 | 54.9:15.2:29.6 | 53.8:15.7:29.4 | −1.1:−0.5:−0.2 | 0.364 | |
| Energy (%) | 123.7 ± 26.51) | 96.6 ± 20.1*** | −27.1 (30.4) | 108.1 ± 27.7 | 89.7 ± 21.3** | −18.4 (27.7) | 0.249 | |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 318.4 ± 64.0 | 264.1 ± 67.5*** | −54.3 (17.1) | 313.9 ± 67.0 | 265.7 ± 68.9** | −48.1 (15.3) | 0.734 | |
| Protein (g) | 94.5 ± 24.1 | 81.0 ± 23.3** | −13.5 (14.3) | 87.6 ± 25.0 | 79.4 ± 29.5 | −8.3 (9.5) | 0.280 | |
| Fat (g) | 85.2 ± 30.6 | 67.1 ± 27.5*** | −18.1 (21.2) | 77.0 ± 27.6 | 67.6 ± 35.9 | −9.3 (12.1) | 0.081 | |
Values are means ± SDs.
C:P:F (Carbohydrate: Protein: Fat, Macronutrient intake ratios).
Significantly different between groups by paired t-test at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
1)Adherent: participants with good adherence to the intervention program including attending clinical and nutrition sessions.
2)Non-adherent: participants with poor adherence to the intervention program including attending clinical and nutrition sessions.
3)Korean Dietary Recommended Intake for children aged 9-11 years: energy intake boys, 2,100 kcal; girls, 1,800 kcal. Protein recommended intake for boys and girls: 40 g/day. KDRI intake for children aged 12–14 years: energy intake boys, 2,500 kcal; girls, 2,000 kcal. Protein recommended intake: 55 g/day for boys and 50 g/day for girls) (Korean Nutrition Society, KDRI, 2015).
4)Group × time interaction effects adjusted for age, sex, mother's and father's education years, and physical activity group in the mixed effects linear regression models (random intercept: individual).