Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression on the risk of moderate-to-late preterm birth
| Baseline characteristic | Proportion (%) | Univariable | Multivariable (complete case) | Multivariable (MI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value | ||
| Treatment | |||||||
| AL | 156/1035 (15%) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| AAP | 4/76 (5%) | 0.51 (0.15–1.70) | 0.27 | 2.72 (0.50–14.75) | 0.25 | 0.69 (0.19–2.44) | 0.56 |
| AS | 15/174 (9%) | 1.41 (0.63–3.18) | 0.40 | 2.01 (0.74–5.47) | 0.17 | 1.49 (0.64–3.50) | 0.36 |
| ASAQ | 124/747 (17%) | 1.04 (0.79–1.38) | 0.76 | 1.03 (0.75–1.41) | 0.88 | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.75 |
| ASMQ | 128/926 (14%) | 1.10 (0.84–1.46) | 0.48 | 0.94 (0.68–1.30) | 0.71 | 1.07 (0.80–1.41) | 0.65 |
| ASSP | 22/147 (15%) | 1.78 (0.87–3.63) | 0.11 | 1.24 (0.50–3.09) | 0.64 | 1.83 (0.88–3.81) | 0.10 |
| DP | 151/804 (19%) | 1.28 (0.98–1.66) | 0.07 | 1.23 (0.93–1.64) | 0.15 | 1.22 (0.93–1.60) | 0.15 |
| Q | 15/171 (9%) | 1.17 (0.57–2.40) | 0.68 | 3.86 (0.92–16.19) | 0.07 | 1.67 (0.79–3.54) | 0.18 |
| QC | 4/51 (8%) | 1.03 (0.26–4.08) | 0.96 | No data | 1.39 (0.34–5.67) | 0.65 | |
| EGA at malaria episode | |||||||
| 4.0–13.9 | 5/38 (13%) | 3.92 (1.42–10.87) | 0.009 | 2.67 (0.73–9.80) | 0.14 | 3.92 (1.38–11.13) | 0.01 |
| 14.0–19.9 | 78/863 (9%) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 20.0–23.9 | 136/1023 (13%) | 1.69 (1.25–2.28) | < 0.001 | 1.63 (1.17–2.28) | 0.004 | 1.71 (1.25–2.32) | < 0.001 |
| 24.0–27.9 | 142/917 (15%) | 2.17 (1.60–2.94) | < 0.001 | 2.30 (1.64–3.24) | < 0.001 | 2.37 (1.74–3.23) | < 0.001 |
| 28.0–36.9 (weeks) | 258/1290 (20%) | 3.63 (2.72–4.85) | < 0.001 | 4.49 (3.23–6.25) | < 0.001 | 4.33 (3.21–5.84) | < 0.001 |
| Age group | |||||||
| < 20 | 284/1323 (21%) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 20–25 | 154/1330 (12%) | 0.55 (0.44–0.68) | < 0.001 | 0.69 (0.51–0.93) | 0.02 | 0.67 (0.51–0.87) | 0.003 |
| 25–30 | 100/803 (12%) | 0.60 (0.47–0.78) | < 0.001 | 1.01 (0.67–1.54) | 0.96 | 0.82 (0.56–1.18) | 0.29 |
| 30–35 | 46/401 (11%) | 0.54 (0.38–0.76) | < 0.001 | 0.78 (0.47–1.31) | 0.34 | 0.72 (0.45–1.12) | 0.15 |
| ≥ 35 (years) | 35/274 (13%) | 0.75 (0.51–1.11) | 0.15 | 0.87 (0.47–1.62) | 0.67 | 0.99 (0.60–1.64) | 0.98 |
| Pregnancy history | |||||||
| G1 | 284/1439 (20%) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| G2 with no loss | 81/704 (12%) | 0.56 (0.43–0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.68 (0.48–0.96) | 0.03 | 0.65 (0.48–0.89) | 0.007 |
| G ≥ 3 with no loss | 141/1128 (12%) | 0.60 (0.48–0.75) | < 0.001 | 0.59 (0.40–0.89) | 0.01 | 0.67 (0.47–0.96) | 0.03 |
| G2 with 1 loss | 41/251 (16%) | 0.85 (0.59–1.24) | 0.40 | 1.12 (0.75–1.68) | 0.58 | 0.95 (0.65–1.40) | 0.81 |
| G ≥ 3 with 1 loss | 51/435 (12%) | 0.60 (0.43–0.83) | 0.002 | 0.69 (0.44–1.08) | 0.10 | 0.66 (0.44–0.99) | 0.046 |
| G ≥ 3 with ≥ 2 losses | 18/137 (13%) | 0.94 (0.55–1.58) | 0.80 | 1.20 (0.62–2.32) | 0.58 | 1.00 (0.56–1.79) | 1.00 |
| Weight (kg) | 618/4130 (15%) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.004 | ||||
| Height (cm) | 579/3655 (16%) | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.05 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.01 | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 579/3655 (16%) | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.03 | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.01 | 0.94 (0.90–0.97) | < 0.001 |
| HIV infection | |||||||
| Yes | 4/31 (13%) | 1.57 (0.51–4.73) | 0.44 | 1.88 (0.35–10.15) | 0.46 | 1.22 (0.36–4.09) | 0.75 |
| No | 527/3462 (15%) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Parasitaemia (log10/μL) | 619/4131 (15%) | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 0.07 | ||||
| Fever > 37.5 °C | |||||||
| Yes | 45/375 (12%) | 1.09 (0.77–1.54) | 0.62 | ||||
| No | 563/3719 (15%) | Reference | |||||
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 616/4107 (15%) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 0.04 | ||||
| Gametocytaemia | |||||||
| Yes | 24/153 (16%) | 1.46 (0.92–2.32) | 0.11 | ||||
| No | 584/3922 (15%) | Reference | |||||
| Mixed infection | |||||||
| Yes | 2/29 (7%) | 1.04 (0.24–4.52) | 0.96 | ||||
| No | 617/4102 (15%) | Reference | |||||
| Malaria transmission | |||||||
| Low | 72/929 (8%) | 0.55 (0.33–0.94) | 0.03 | 0.24 (0.10–0.56) | 0.001 | 0.42 (0.22–0.81) | 0.009 |
| Moderate | 397/2236 (18%) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| High | 150/966 (16%) | 0.93 (0.54–1.62) | 0.80 | 0.56 (0.28–1.09) | 0.09 | 0.86 (0.47–1.58) | 0.63 |
Intraclass correlation, 0.07. AAP artesunate with atovaquone-proguanil, AL artemether-lumefantrine, aOR adjusted odds ratio, AS artesunate monotherapy, ASAQ artesunate-amodiaquine, ASMQ artesunate-mefloquine, ASSP artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, DP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, EGA estimated gestational age, G gravidity, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, MI multiple imputation, OR odds ratio, Q quinine monotherapy, QC quinine with clindamycin