Table 3. Veterinary clinical stem cell trials in dermatologic disease.

Disease	Cell therapy	No. of dogs	Control	Evaluation periods/effects	Ref.
Skin wound (trauma)	Autologous adipose derived MSCs + platelet-rich plasma; spraying the cells over the wound surface (5 applications at day 11, 17, 23, 31, 41)	1 dog	No	A complete closure of the wound occurred 3 months after the start of the regenerative therapy	[84]
Chronic skin wound	Human MSCs + poly (vynil-alcohol) hydrogel membranes; locally infiltrated; 1 × 105 cells/cm2	2 dogs	No	A complete epithelialisation was observed after 2 months	[85]
Hepatocutaneous syndrome	Allogenic adipose-derived MSCs; IV and intrahepatic injection; 5 × 107 cells for 46 times	1 dog	No	Follow-up for 32 months; stem cell therapy may extend a patient's survival time.	[86]
AD	Autologous adipose-derived MSCs; intravenous route; 1.3 × 106 cells/kg	5 dogs in stem cell group	No	At 2–3, 6–8, 10–12 weeks; the results were safe but not effective for controlling clinical signs and pruritus induced by AD.	[23]

AD, atopic dermatitis; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; IV, intravenous.