Table 6. Veterinary clinical stem cell trials in neoplasia.

Disease	Cell therapy	No. of dogs	Control	Evaluation periods/effects	Ref.
Hemangiosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis	hNSCs; IV; 1 × 107 cells	1 dog (stem cell injection with 5-fluorocytosine therapy about 30 days after surgery)	No	Follow-up until the patient died (105 days); hNSCs/5-FC therapy can improve the quality of dog's life with therapeutic effects and lower side effects	[125]
Acute large granular lymphocytic leukemia	Allogeneic PBHCT; IV; 5 × 106 CD 34+ cells/kg	1 dog	No	Follow-up for 2 years; considerable clinical benefit over chemotherapy alone.	[129]
T-cell lymphoma	Autologous PBHCT; IV; more than 2 × 106 CD 34+ cells/kg	15 dogs in stem cell group	No	Follow-up for overall survival of median 239.5 days (range, 4–738 days); PBHCT may be considered as a treatment option for dogs with T-cell lymphoma.	[131]
B-cell lymphoma	Autologous PBHCT; IV; more than 2 × 106 CD 34+ cells/kg	24 dogs in stem cell group	No	Follow-up for assessment of disease-free interval (median 271 days) and overall survival (median 463 days); PBHCT may be considered as a treatment option for dogs with B-cell lymphoma.	[132]

hNSC, human neural stem cell; IV, intravenous; PBHCT, peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation.