. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Dec 10;222(6):600.e1–600.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.12.005

TABLE 3.

Change in frequency of nocturnal voiding and sleep outcomes from baseline to 12 weeks, by intervention group

	Paced respiration (N=79)		Music control (N=82)		Between-group difference
	Change (95% CI)^a	P value	Change (95% CI)^a	P value	Difference (95% CI)^a	P value
Nocturnal voiding episodes per night (by voiding diary)	−0.4 (−0.6 to −0.2)	<.01	−0.3 (−.4 to −0.1)	<0.1	−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1)	.28
PSQI global score^b	−1.1 (−1.7 to −0.6)	<.01	−1.2 (−1.7 to −0.7)	<.01	0.1 (−0.7 to 0.8)	.84
PSQI habitual sleep efficiency, %^c	1.9 (−1.1 to 4.8)	.03	1.0 (−1.9 to 3.9)	.52	0.8 (−3.3 to 5.0)	.28
PSQI sleep disturbances sum	−2.2 (−3.1 to −1.4)	<.01	−2.8 (−3.6 to −1.9)	<.01	0.5 (−0.7 to 1.7)	.38
PSQI sleep latency, min^c	−3.1 (−5.8 to −0.4)	<.01	−2.4 (−5.0 to 0.3)	.02	−0.8 (−4.5 to 3.0)	.66
Total sleep time in hours (by sleep diary)	0.0 (−0.3 to 0.3)	.97	0.0 (−0.3 to 0.3)	.90	0.0 (−0.4 to 0.4)	.95
Wake after sleep onset percentage (by sleep diary)^c	−1.5 (−3.1 to 0.1)	<.01	−1.2 (−2.8 to 0.5)	<.01	−0.3 (−2.6 to 2.0)	.80

CI, confidence interval; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Least square mean estimates and confidence intervals derived from analysis of covariance models. All models adjusted by baseline values

PSQI score inversely related to sleep quality; improvement shown as negative change

P values using Winsorized (98–99th percentile) values, change values using raw values.