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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan 25;66(6):740–746. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.12.009

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for youth in ICare2CHECK enrolled and comparison samples.

Comparison Sample ICare2CHECK Enrolled Sample Significant Group Difference
Variable M/% SD M/% SD
Age (Year 1) 18.72 1.39 18.08 1.36 t (300) = 4.06**
Adolescent girls   0.54   0.54 ns
Racial/Ethnic minority   0.75   0.75 ns
Number of placements   7.06 5.45   6.62 4.84 ns
Length of time in care   3.17 3.29   2.91 3.16 ns
Legal Status ns
 Temporary custody   0.19   0.16
 Permanent custody   0.20   0.12
 Planned permanent living arrangement   0.61   0.72
Primary Removal Reason ns
 Neglect   0.59   0.61
 Physical abuse   0.12   0.04
 Sexual abuse   0.04   0.03
 Child behavior problems   0.19   0.28
 Parental substance use   0.04   0.01
 Emotional abuse/neglect   0.02   0.03
Total Health Care Use
 Year 1   3.19 5.49   4.39 4.40 t (240) = −2.09*
 Year 2   0.75 1.75   2.60 4.07 t ( 203) = −5.13**
Mandated Foster Care Visits
 Year 1   0.63 1.10   1.20 1.24 t (300) = −4.22**
 Year 2   0.15 0.47   0.40 0.75 t (300) = −3.47**
Scheduled Visits
 Year 1   1.78 4.93   2.26 3.41 ns
 Year 2   0.42 1.27   1.61 3.47 t (300) = 2.61**
Unscheduled Visits
 Year 1   0.78 1.51   0.93 1.59 ns
 Year 2   0.18 0.57   0.59 1.28 t (300) = −3.60**
Lifetime substance use (y)   0.34   0.52 χ2 (1) = 9.11**
Current substance use (y)   0.28   0.40 ns
Lifetime sexual risk behavior (y)   0.70   0.85 χ2 (1) = 7.28**
Any chronic condition (y)   0.09   0.35 χ2 (1) = 27.70**
Any mental health diagnosis (y)   0.26   0.63 χ2 (1) = 39.06**

Note: Age, race, ethnicity, number of placements, length of time in care, legal status, primary removal reason were determined based on child welfare report. Gender, healthcare use, lifetime substance use (i.e., ever endorsed tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, or illicit substance use, any encounter), current substance use (i.e., endorsed tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, or illicit substance use during an encounter over the past 12 months), lifetime sexual risk behavior (i.e., multiple partners, inconsistent condom use, sexually transmitted infection diagnosis), chronic condition diagnosis, and mental health diagnosis was based on electronic health record data.