Table 1.

Selected clinical studies using stem cells for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cell type	Dosage	Number of patients	Outcome	Stage of study	Reference or NCT numbers#
MSCs (tissue source unspecified)	Single dose of 1 × 106 cells per kg, IV	7 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia	Regulation of inflammatory response (Decreased plasma C-reaction protein, reduced cytokine-secreting immune cells, reduced TNF-α, increased IL-10 and VEGF)	Complete	Leng et al., 2020
Adipose tissue-derived MSCs	Two serial doses of 1.5 × 106 cells per kg, IV	Estimated: 100 patients	N/A	Phase 2; Not yet recruiting	NCT04348461
Dental pulp stem cells	3 × 107 cells IV on day 1, 4, and 7	Estimated: 20 patients	N/A	Phase 1 clinical trial; recruiting	NCT04336254
Dental pulp stem cells	1 × 106 cells per kg IV on day 1, 3, and 7	Estimated: 24 patients	N/A	Early Phase 1; Not yet recruiting	NCT04302519
Wharton's Jelly MSCs	3 doses of 1 × 106 cells per kg IV, 3 days apart from each other	Estimated: 5 patients	N/A	Phase 1 clinical trial; recruiting	NCT04313322
MSCs (tissue source unspecified)	3 × 107 cells IV on day 0, 3, and 6	Estimated: 20 patients	N/A	Phase 1 clinical trial; recruiting	NCT04252118
Umbilical cord MSCs	9.9 × 107 cells IV on day 1, 3, 5, and 7	Estimated: 10 patients	N/A	Phase 2 clinical trial; recruiting	NCT04269525
Umbilical cord MSCs	0.5 × 106 cells per kg body weight IV on day 1, 3, 5, and 7	Estimated: 48 patients	N/A	Not yet recruiting	NCT04273646
Bone Marrow MSCs	Single dose of 1 × 106 cells per kg, IV	Estimated: 20 patients	N/A	Phase 1 clinical trial; Not yet recruiting	NCT04346368
Human embryonic stem cells derived matrix-regulatory cells	3 cohorts who receive doses of 3, 5, or 10 million cells per kg body weight IV	Estimated: 9 patients	N/A	Phase 1 clinical trial; recruiting	NCT04331613

^#NCT numbers refer to ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier numbers.