Table 1.
The list of bone ECM components and their role in bone formation.
| Bone ECM | Expressed from | Function in bone tissue | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Organic ECM | |||
| Collagenous protein | |||
| Type I collagen | Osteoblast | –Scaffold for bone cells –Maintain bone strength |
(Saito and Marumo, 2015) |
| –Promote bone formation | (Fonseca et al., 2014) | ||
| –Regulate collagen fibrillogenesis | |||
| Types III and V collagen | Bone | –Promote bone | (Garnero, 2015) |
| Noncollagenous protein | |||
| Proteoglycans | |||
| Biglycan | Osteoblast | –Promote collagen fibrillogenesis –Promote bone formation |
(Moorehead et al., 2019) |
| Decorin | Osteoblast | –Promote collagen fibrillogenesis –Promote bone formation |
(Coulson-Thomas et al., 2015) |
| Keratocan | Osteoblast | –Promote mineral deposition rates | |
| Asporin | Articular cartilage or periodontal tissue | –Promote collagen mineralization | (Kalamajski et al., 2009) |
| γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing proteins | |||
| Osteocalcin | Osteoblast | –Regulate calcium metabolism –Indicate bone formation |
(Mizokami et al., 2017) |
| Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) | Osteoblast, osteocyte, and chondrocyte | –Inhibit bone formation and mineralization | (Kaipatur et al., 2008) |
| Periostin | Osteoblast and precursor cells | –Regulate collagen fibrillogenesis -Maintain bone strength |
(Wen et al., 2018) |
| Glycoproteins | |||
| Osteonectin | Osteoblast | -Promote bone formation and mineralization -Regulate collagen fibrillogenesis |
(Rosset and Bradshaw, 2016) |
| -Maintain biomechanical properties | (Delany et al., 2000) | ||
| Thrombospondins | Osteoblast | -Promote bone formation -Regulate collagen fibrillogenesis |
(Delany and Hankenson, 2009) |
| R-spondins | Bone | -Promoter Wnt/β-catenin signaling -Regulate bone development |
(Shi et al., 2017) |
| Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins/SIBLINGs | |||
| BSP | Mineralized tissues | –Promote bone formation and mineralization | (Marinovich et al., 2016) |
| OPN | Osteoblast, odontoblast and osteocyte | –Promote bone formation and mineralization –Regulate bone remodeling |
(Singh et al., 2018) |
| DMP1 | Osteocyte and dentin | –Regulate phosphate metabolism –Promote bone mineralization |
(Jani et al., 2016) |
| MEPE | Osteocyte and dentin | –Regulate phosphate metabolism | (Zelenchuk et al., 2015) |
| –Promote bone mineralization | |||
| Inorganic ECM | |||
| Hydroxyapatite | Bone | –Biomineralization | (Tavafoghi and Cerruti, 2016) |