TABLE 1.
Summary of near infrared light triggered photoimmuno-therapy toward cancers.
| Phototherapy Model | Immunotherapy Model | Mediated Nanomaterials | NIR light source | Targeted Cancer | Effectiveness | References |
| PTT | Adoptive cell transfer | Gold nanoshells | 808 nm | Metastatic Melanoma | − Elimination of metastatic melanoma | Bear et al., 2013 |
| Checkpoint blockade | PEGylated SWNTs | 808 nm | Lung metastasis model | − Effective rejection of secondary tumors − Minimized tumor metastasis | Wang et al., 2014 | |
| Therapeutic vaccines | Optical fiber | 980 nm | Pancreatic tumor model | − Complete regression of primary tumor − Triggered tumor-specific immune memory and production of memory T cells | Zhou et al., 2018 | |
| Checkpoint blockade | Gold nanoparticles | 1086 nm | Breast cancer model | − Long-term tumor control over both primary and secondary tumors | Ma et al., 2019 | |
| Polypyrrole nanosheets | − Striking therapeutic effects against whole-body tumor metastasis | |||||
| Therapeutic vaccines | Chitosan-coated hollow CuS nanoparticles | 900 nm | Breast cancer model | − Combined anticancer effects against primary treated as well as distant untreated tumors | Guo et al., 2014 | |
| Checkpoint blockade | Polydopamine-carbon dots | 808 nm | Breast cancer model | − Ablation of the primary tumor − Amplified stronger infiltration of CTLs into distant tumors | Lu et al., 2019 | |
| Checkpoint blockade | SWCNTs | 1064 nm | 4T1 murine breast cancer model | − Effectively suppression on primary tumors − Inhabitation of metastatic cancers | Li et al., 2019a | |
| PDT | - | Au nanocages @MnO2 | 808 nm | Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer | − In situ oxygenation to ameliorate the hypoxia environment in tumor area − High PDT efficacy and elicited antitumor immune response − Elimination of primary tumor and inhabited lung metastasis | Liang et al., 2018 |
| Checkpoint blockade | UCNPs + Chlorin e6 | 980 nm | Mouse colon adenocarcinoma (CT26) | − Enhanced tissue penetration depth thus effective photodynamic destruction of tumors − The generated a pool of tumor-associated antigens, together with CTLA4 resulted in strong antitumor immunities to inhibit the growth of distant tumors − A long-term immune memory function to protect treated mice from tumor cell rechallenge | Xu et al., 2017 | |
| vaccine | UCNPs@large pore silica + merocyanine 540 + OVA/TF agent | 980 nm | Mouse colon adenocarcinoma | − Largely load photosensitizer and immune antigens − Great cellular uptake − Enhanced immunotherapy efficacy and new approach to advanced vaccine delivery system for cancer therapy | Ding et al., 2018 | |
| PCT | Monoclonal antibodies | Silica-phthalocyanine dye (IR700) | 690 nm | B-cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, hepatocellular cancer | − Photosensitizer molecule was conjugated to monoclonal antibodies − Photochemistry therapy destructed the primary tumor within 1 min under NIR irradiation | Hanaoka et al., 2015; Nagaya et al., 2016a, b, 2017; Ogawa et al., 2017; Sato et al., 2018 |
| Checkpoint blockade | Silica-phthalocyanine dye (IR700) conjugated with anti-CD44 | 690 nm | Colon and lung cancer | − Elimination of primary tumor − Durable antitumor immunity eradicated both treated and distant untreated tumors | Nagaya et al., 2019 | |
| Cytokine | UCNPs/CpG | 980 nm | Mouse 4T1 breast cancer | − Immunotherapeutic agents delivered into cancer cells and released upon the remote NIR light irradiation. | Chu et al., 2019 | |
| PDT + PTT | Checkpoint blockade | Organic semidonducting pro-nanostimulants | 808 nm (0.3 W/cm2) | Mouse 4T1 breast cancer | − With the small size (26 nm) and stealthy PEG surface, OSPS could effectively accumulate into the tumors of living mice after systemic administration. − Upon the 808 nm light irradiation, PTT and PDT ablated the primary tumor. − 1O2 also cleaved the conjugated immunostimulant and inhibited the growth of both primary and distant tumors and suppressed lung metastasis. − Low in vivo toxicity. | Li et al., 2019 |
| PTT + PDT + Chemotherapy | Checkpoint blockade | Mesoporous CuS + PEI-PpIX + DTX + CpG | 808 nm and 650 nm | Mouse 4T1 breast cancer | − Negligible toxicity to normal tissues − Remarkable damage to tumors in vivo | Chen et al., 2019 |
| PTT + PDT | Checkpoint blockade | Polydopamine + UCNPs + Ce6 | 980 nm | Mouse 4T1 breast cancer | − Significant eradication of the primary tumors from PDT and PTT. − Effective delay to untreated distal tumor from the combined checkpoint blockade therapy. | Yan et al., 2019 |
| PTT + CDT + starvation therapy | Checkpoint blockade | PEGylated Cu2MoS4@GOx | 1064 nm (0.48 W/cm2) | Mouse cervix cancer and lung metastasis model | − Great biosafety of the combined treatment approach. − Effective primary tumor ablation from PTT, CDT and starvation therapy; − Inhabitation of distant tumor and lung metastasis. | Chang et al., 2019 |
| PTT + PDT | Checkpoint blockade | UCNPs + ICG + RB + DSPE-PEG-maleimide | 805 nm | Mouse 4T1 breast cancer | − Efficient destruction of primary tumor; − Inhabitation of metastasis by simultaneously boosting specific immune response and checkpoint blockade. − Strong long-term antitumor immune memory function. | Wang et al., 2019 |