Table 3.

Biological activities of Aniba Canelilla extracts, essential oil, and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane.

Experimental model	Part of the plant	Evaluated drug	Dose/Conc. interval	Activity	References
Nociception in mice  Writhing test  Formalin test  Hotplate test	Bark	1N2PE	15–50 mg/kg	Antinociceptive	Lima et al., 2009
Inflammation in rats  Dextran paw edema  Carrageenan paw edema  Croton oil ear edema	Bark	1N2PE	25–50 mg/kg	Antiedematogenic	Vale et al., 2013
In vitro isolated rat aorta	Bark	EO	1–600 µg/mL	Vasorelaxant	Lahlou et al., 2005
	Bark	1N2PE	1–300 µg/mL		De Siqueira et al., 2010
Normotensive rats	Bark	EO	1–20 mg/kg	Bradycardic and hypotensive	Lahlou et al., 2005
	Bark	1N2PE	1–10 mg/kg		De Siqueira et al., 2010
Hypertensive rats	Bark	EO 1N2PE	10–20 mg/kg 5–10 mg/kg	Bradycardic and hypotensive	Interaminense et al., 2010; Interaminense et al., 2013
Neuropharmacological evaluations in mice  Sleeping time  PTZ-induced convulsion  Elevated plus-maze	–	1N2FE	50–400 mg/kg 25–200 mg/kg 5–20 mg/kg	Hypnotic, Anticonvulsant Anxiolytic	Oyemitan et al., 2013
In vitro acetylcholinesterase activity assay	Trunk wood	EO 1N2PE	0.01–1,000 ng/spot	Anticholinesterase	Silva et al., 2014
Tripomastigotes culture  Trypanosoma evansi	Wood	EO 1N2PE	0.5–2.0%	Trypanocide	Giongo et al., 2017
In vitro antileishmanial assay  Leishmania amazonensis	Leaves	EO	40 µg/mL*	Leishmanicide	Silva et al., 2009
In vitro microdilution test  Candida albicans  C. tropicalis  C. parapsilosis  Aspergillus. fumigatus	Bark	1N2PE	170 µg/mL** 360 µg/mL** 720 µg/mL** 1500 µg/mL**	Antifungal	Oger et al., 1994
Challerger test  Candida albicans  Didymella bryoniae	Leaves Branches	EO	2 mg/mL	Antifungal	Silva, 2012

*Median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀).

**Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

EO, essential oil; 1N2PE, 1-nitro-2-phenilethane; ETEX, ethanolic extract; PTZ, pentylenetetrazol.