Table 1.
Rapamycin-induced cardiac miRNAs in 19-wk old healthy rats that modulate autophagy.
| MicroRNA | Fold change in Rap-treated healthy rat heart | Effect on autophagy | Model system | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-155 | 4.56 | Enhancer | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; cervical cancer; human and mouse septic lung injury | Inhibition of Pdk1 or growth factor-β-activated kinase-1-binding protein 2 (Tab2) | (Liu et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2017; Wang F. et al., 2018) |
| miR-200b/c | 4.99/2.83 | Suppressor | Suppressor in Human lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer cells. | Suppression via inhibition of Atg12 conjugation. Other targets are ZEB1 and UBQLN1 | (Pan et al., 2015; Sun et al., 2015) |
| miR-200c | 2.83 | Enhancer | PC-3 cells | Increases microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-LC3-II via endoplasmic reticulum stress mediator IRE1α | (Sohn, 2018) |
| miR-21 | 5.28 | Suppressor | NRK-52E cells, rat ischemia/reperfusion model, nucleus pulposus cells, non-small cell lung cancer cells | Inhibits Ras-related protein Rab11A and PTEN | (Liu et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2015; Wang W. et al., 2018) |
| miR-26b-5p | 5.13 | Suppressor | Rat model for exercise induced left ventricular hypertrophy and rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts | Inhibits ULK1 | (Qi et al., 2020) |
| miR-411 | 7.16 | Suppressor | Chondrocytes | Inhibits HIF-1α | (Yang et al., 2020) |
| miR-301a | 4.86 | Suppressor | Prostate cancer cells in hypoxia | Inhibits NDRG2 | (Wang et al., 2016) |
| miR-505-3p | 4.92 | Suppressor | Mouse cortical neurons, mouse model for axonal development | Inhibits autophagy-related gene Atg12 | (Yang et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2018) |
| miR-140 | 4.00 | Enhancer | Human primary chondrocytes | Inhibits FUT1 | (Wang Z. et al., 2018) |
| miR-374 | 5.94 | Suppressor | HEK293T cells, Squamous cell carcinoma | Inhibits UV radiation resistance-associated gene UVRAG and autophagy-related gene ATG5 | (Huang et al., 2012; Jing et al., 2015) |
| miR-223-3p | 3.56 | Suppressor | Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model, bone marrow derived macrophages, BV2 microglial cells, hepatocellular carcinoma | Inhibits ATG16L1 and FOXO3 | (Li et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2019) |
| miR-204 | 7.01 | Suppressor | Rat ischemia-reperfusion model | Inhibits microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-LC3-II | (Jegga et al., 2011; Xiao et al., 2011) |
| miR-34b | 3.29 | Suppressor | Caenorhabditis elegans | Inhibits autophagy-related Atg9 | (Yang et al., 2013) |
| miR-217 | 2.98 | Suppressor | Mouse glomerular mesangial cells | Targets Atg1, LC3, and Becn1 | (Deshpande et al., 2018) |
| miR-541 | 3.18 | Suppressor | human hepatocellular carcinoma | ATG2A and Ras-related protein RAB1B | (Xu et al., 2019) |
| miR-379 | 2.91 | Suppressor | SHSY5Y cells | Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A | (Alvarez-Erviti et al., 2013) |
Pdk1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1; Atg12, autophagy-related gene 12; LC3, light chain 3; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ULK1, Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha; NDRG2, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2; FUT1, fucosyltransferase 1; ATG16L1, autophagy-related 16 like gene; FOXO3, Forkhead Box O3; RAB1B, Rab-1B.