Table 1.

Strength of the different paths by which diversity and habitat degradation affect the stability of bat, bird, and butterfly local communities.

Effects on community stability
Diversity
Total effects	0.270	0.264	0.487
Diversity effects	0.116	0.264	0.180
Phylogenetic diversity effects	0.154	NS	0.307
Effects via population stability	−0.132	NS	0.143
Effects via population asynchrony	0.402	0.264	0.344
Habitat degradation
Total effects	−0.20	−0.291	−0.134
Urban effects	0.004	−0.043	−0.247
Agricultural intensity effects	−0.204	−0.248	0.112
Effects via diversity and phylogenetic diversity	−0.026	−0.092	0.013
Effects via population stability	−0.175	−0.198	−0.260
Effects via population asynchrony	NS	NS	0.112

The strength of each path is calculated from the standardized coefficients of the structural equation models, multiplying coefficients along a path and summing the results over the different paths. Total effects refer to the sum of the effects by which species richness and phylogenetic diversity loss, or urban gradient and agricultural intensity gradient, affect community stability. Effects via a variable are the sum of the effects of diversity loss/habitat degradation on community stability that are channeled by a direct effect on this variable. NS stands for nonsignificant effects.