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. 2020 Jun 1;11(6):409. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-2606-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Macrophages were induced from human CD14⁺ monocytes. a Macrophages were treated with mCherry-labelled MSC-sEV (red) for different times. The nuclei were counterstained with 4′,6-Diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (blue). b CD14⁺ monocytes were cultured with M-CSF for 7 days to differentiate into macrophages, and the expression of CD16, CD68 and CD206 on macrophages were determined by flow-cytometry analysis. c, d Mature macrophages were polarized into M2 and the expression of CD206 (M2 marker) and CD86 (M1 marker) was determined by flow-cytometry analysis. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. MSCs mesenchymal stromal cells, MFI mean fluorescence intensity, sEV small extracellular vesicles. Scale bar, 20 µm.