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. 2020 Jun 1;10:8812. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65403-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of oral administration of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) on bone loss in the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae from spines of ovariectomized (OVX) mice. (A) Representative images of von Kossa-stained third vertebrae from each of the three groups. (B) Trabecular bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) ratio was determined by histological analysis of lumbar spine bones. In B, the results are expressed the mean ± standard deviation, showing individual data (n = 9 in Sham + PW, n = 8 in OVX + PW and OVX + GSE). PW: pure water, NS: not significant (p > 0.05).