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. 2020 Jun 1;10:8879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65817-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protein expression of noninvasive toxicity biomarkers in surrogate blood after daily administration of CsA alone or with concomitant use of RFP in liver-proximal tubule coculture chips for 14 days. Protein level of (A) AST (B) ALP (C) TBiL (D) Glucose (E) CRE (F) UREA (G) ALB (H) GGT (I) Lactate in circulating media on days 1, 7 and 14. Data are the mean ± SEM, experiments were performed in triplicates (control and low-dose groups) or quadruplicate (high-dose and coadministration groups). * (#) or ** (##) Indicates significant difference p < 0.05 or p < 0.01, respectively. * or # Indicates differences compared with the corresponding controls or when the coadministration group was compared with the high-dose group, respectively.