Fig. 5. The Bumper domain may cushion neighboring NPCs.

a NPCs are generally deformed in the X. laevis nuclear membrane. Statistical analysis of the deformation among neighboring NPCs. For each NPC, the distance to its nearest neighbor is measured and plotted here. The median distance is 136 ± 31 nm. The most frequently observed distance is 127.5 nm, which occurs to 1208 pairs of NPC. The sizes of a symmetric LR is shown in the inset for reference. b Three representative examples of close contact between neighboring NPCs. The reconstruction for the LR subunit was back-projected onto the original tomograms based on the refined coordinates of the individual LR subunit particles.