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. 2020 Jun 1;11:2705. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16374-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The ecosystem model resolves population abundance (total biomass, yellow arrows) of microbial H₂-based methanogens (MG), CO-based acetogens (AG) and methanogenic acetotrophs (AT), along with CH₄, CO, CO₂, and H₂ oceanic concentrations and atmospheric mixing ratios. Fluxes directly involved in the MG ecosystem function are indicated with black arrows. Fluxes additionally involved in the AG + AT ecosystem function are indicated in red. Key photochemical reactions are indicated with dotted arrows. The primary source of reducing power (H₂) is volcanic outgassing. Fluxes across the ocean surface are governed by a stagnant boundary layer model. Rates of H₂ escape to space and dead biomass burial in deep sediments are constant. Sulfate-based methanotrophs are not represented. See “Methods” for further details.