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. 2020 May 26;14:136. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00136

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Copyright © 2020 Pai, Cervera, Mafe, Willocq, Lederer and Levin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Model predicts limiting conditions for distant (non-CNS) HCN2 channel-mediated rescue of membrane voltage prepattern in nicotine-exposed embryos. (A–F) Simulations from a physiological model of neurulating Xenopus embryo as detailed in Supplementary Figures S1–S3. Maroon color represents the region of polarized membrane voltage. Purple color represents the region of depolarized membrane voltage. The pattern in (A) is analogous to the membrane voltage pattern seen in Xenopus embryos with voltage reporter dyes (Pai et al., 2015b).