TABLE 5.
Trend estimation for science in Germany.
| Method | 2006 | 2009 | 2012 | 2015 | Trend 2012 → 2015 |
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| Est | SEtot | SEp | SEi | ||||||
| Original | 516 | 520 | 524 | 509 | −15 | 5.6 | 4.0 | 3.9 | |
| Without field test (all items) | C1 | 516 | 519 | 523 | 508 | −15 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 5.0 |
| C2 | 516 | 518 | 524 | 508 | −16 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 5.0 | |
| H1 | 516 | 515 | 522 | 506 | −16 | 6.7 | 4.2 | 5.2 | |
| H2 | 516 | 516 | 522 | 501 | −21 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 5.5 | |
| S1 | 516 | 517 | 524 | 511 | −13 | 6.7 | 4.2 | 5.2 | |
| Without field test (invariant items) | C1I | 516 | 519 | 523 | 513 | −10 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 5.0 |
| C2I | 516 | 519 | 524 | 513 | −11 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 5.0 | |
| H1I | 516 | 517 | 523 | 513 | −10 | 7.1 | 4.2 | 5.7 | |
| H2I | 516 | 518 | 524 | 506 | −18 | 6.8 | 4.2 | 5.3 | |
| With field test | C1F | 516 | 520 | 524 | 528 | 4 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 5.0 |
| H1F | 516 | 516 | 522 | 528 | 6 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 7.2 | |
| S1F | 516 | 517 | 524 | 531 | 7 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 5.0 | |
SEtot = standard error due to sampling of persons and items; SEp = standard error due to sampling of persons; SEi = standard error due to sampling of items (link error).