TABLE 7.

Trend estimation for reading in Germany.

	Method	2000	2003	2006	2009	2012	2015	Trend 2012 → 2015
								Est	SEtot	SEp	SEi
Original		484	491	495	497	508	509	1	6.7	4.1	5.3
Without field test (all items)	C1	484	479	488	504	510	504	−6	5.8	3.0	5.0
	C2	484	484	492	502	506	501	−5	5.8	3.0	5.0
	H1	484	478	487	501	509	502	−7	6.6	4.2	5.0
	H2	484	473	478	491	504	495	−9	9.9	4.2	9.0
	S1	484	482	490	510	516	505	−11	8.0	4.2	6.8
Without field test (invariant items)	C1I	484	478	488	507	513	523	10	5.8	3.0	5.0
	C2I	484	483	491	506	511	521	10	5.8	3.0	5.0
	H1I	484	477	486	504	512	517	5	7.3	4.2	5.9
	H2I	484	473	477	496	508	510	2	11.1	4.2	10.2
With field test	C1F	484	480	489	499	501	512	11	5.8	3.0	5.0
	H1F	484	479	488	499	505	516	11	9.2	4.2	8.2
	S1F	484	482	490	510	516	528	12	5.8	3.0	5.0

SE_tot = standard error due to sampling of persons and items; SE_p = standard error due to sampling of persons; SE_i = standard error due to sampling of items (link error).