Table 1.
FDA‐Approved Drugs Used Off‐Label for the Treatment of COVID‐19
| Drugs | Primary indication in the United States | Number of clinical trials for COVID‐19 10 a |
|---|---|---|
| Hydroxychloroquine sulfate | Systemic lupus erythematosus; rheumatoid arthritis | 26 |
| Lopinavir; ritonavir | HIV | 18 |
| Chloroquine phosphate | Treatment and prevention of malaria | 14 |
| Nitric oxide inhaled gas | Neonatal respiratory failure | 7 |
| Tocilizumab | Multiple rheumatologic conditionsb | 6 |
| Methylprednisolone | Multiple conditions | 5 |
| Sarilumab | Adults with moderate to severe RA | 5 |
| Oseltamivir | Treatment of influenza | 5 |
| Ascorbic acid | Vitamin C deficiency | 4 |
| Ritonavir | HIV infection | 4 |
| Colchicine | Treatment and prevention of gout | 4 |
| Ribavirin | Hepatitis C | 3 |
| Darunavir; cobicistat | HIV | 3 |
| Bevacizumab | Multiple cancers | 2 |
| Baricitinib | Treatment of moderate to severe RA | 2 |
| Anakinra | RA | 2 |
| Interferon beta 1a | Multiple sclerosis | 2 |
| Sildenafil | Erectile dysfunction; pulmonary artery hypertension | 1 |
| Fingolimod | Relapsing multiple sclerosis | 1 |
| Siltuximab | Multicentric Cascleman’s disease | 1 |
| N‐acetylcysteine | Acetaminophen overdose | 1 |
| Interferon beta 1b | Multiple sclerosis | 1 |
| Peg‐interferon alpha 2b | Hepatitis C | 1 |
| Emapalumab | Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis | 1 |
COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.
aData collected from clinicaltrials.gov on March 31, 2020. bTreatment of RA; giant cell arteritis, polyarticular/systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis; cytokine release syndrome.