Table 1.

The Charge States of CFX, NFX, and EFX at Different pH and Directionalities of the EOF and Electrophoretic Force at Different pH

	qCFX (|e−|)	qEFX (|e−|)	qNFX (|e−|)	ΔV+	ΔV−
pH 6	0.53	0.38	0.54	EOF (−), EP (−)	EOF (+), EP (+)
pH 7	0.08	0.03	0.08	EOF (−), EP (0)	EOF (+), EP (0)
pH 9	−0.68	−0.72	−0.68	EOF (−), EP (+)	EOF (+), EP (−)

The symbol (−) indicates that the force is directed from the –trans side to the –cis side, and the symbol (+) depicts that the force is directed from the –cis side to the –trans side.