Table 1.
Adrenocortical carcinoma: patients’ and tumor characteristics
| N | Age (years) |
Sex (male/female (n)) |
Size of tumor (cm) | Ki67 index (%) | Glucocorticoids +/−other steroids |
Only sex hormones | Other steroid pattern | No steroid excess | Hormone profile n/a | |
| All ACC samples | 146 | 47 (18–77) | 45/101 | 10.0 (0.5–30.0) |
10 (0–80) | 63 (36/27) | 12 | 7 | 31 | 33 |
| Primary tumors | 107 | 47 (18–77) | 32/75 | 11.8 (3.3–30.0) |
10 (0–80) | 44 (29/15) | 9 | 4 | 23 | 27 |
| ENSAT I/II* | 47 | 46 (18–77) | 13/34 | 12.0 (3.3–28.0) |
10 (0–50) | 17 (10/7) | 6 | 3 | 14 | 7 |
| ENSAT III* | 38 | 47 (18–75) | 13/25 | 10.3 (5.0–30.0) |
20 (1–80) | 16 (10/6) | 3 | 1 | 7 | 11 |
| ENSAT IV* | 20 | 47.5 (24–72) | 6/14 | 13.0 (7.0–25.0) |
10 (1–30) | 11 (9/2) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 |
| Local recurrences† | 16 | 44 (20–70) | 6/10 | 4.5 (1.5–9.4) |
12.5 (5–20) | 6 (2/4) | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Distant metastases† | 23 | 41 (19–72) | 7/16 | 1.7 (0.5–4.0) |
17.5 (5–40) | 13 (8/5) | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
Data represent median values with ranges or total numbers.
*Tumor stage at the time of diagnosis according to the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) classification.40
†In patients who experienced local recurrences or distant metastases during mitotane treatment, endocrine activity was classified according the information available at primary diagnosis.
ACC, adrenocortical carcinoma.