TABLE 2.

Comparison of major asexual morph characteristics of families in order Helotiales.

Family	Hyphomycetous conidiomata	Conidiophore	Conidiogenous cell	Conidia
Amicodiscaceae (Ekanayaka et al., 2019)	Hyphomycetous/stromatic	Hyaline to cinnamon-colored glistening slimy heads, straight or flexuous, dark brown and thick-walled except at the apex	Terminal, cylindrical, sympodially proliferate	Cylindrical to cylindric-ellipsoidal, hyaline, aseptate, thin-smooth walled.
Discinellaceae (Ekanayaka et al., 2019)	Hyphomycetous conidiomata		Holoblastic	Mostly hyaline, sometimes branched, filiform, globose, or fusoid some form dimorphic conidia
Drepanopezizaceae (Yoshikawa and Yokoyama, 1992; König et al., 2017)	Hyphomycetous/acervulus		Holoblastic	Sometimes two types. Macroconidia- ellipsoid to fusoid, slight curved. Microconidia- ellipsoid to bacilliform
Gelatinodiscaceae (Seaver, 1938; Johnston et al., 2010)	Sporodochial			Aseptate, hyaline and subglobose
Helotiaceae (Peláez et al., 2011; Jaklitsch et al., 2016)	Hyphomycetous, sporodochial or synnematal		Macroconidia – holoblastic/Microconidia – phialidic	Macroconidia – hyaline, filiform or staurosporous, dark brown, in chains, bulbils or solitary on conidiophores and 3–5-septate. Microconidia rarely pigmented, multicellular and appendaged
Heterosphaeriaceae (Leuchtmann, 1987)	Synanamorphic, hyphomycetous acervulus and ceolomycetous
Hyaloscyphaceae (Jaklitsch et al., 2016)	hyphomycetous	sporodochial	Phialidic	Aseptate, hyaline or brown, branched and muriform or in chains
Hydrocinaceae (Ekanayaka et al., 2019)	Hyphomycetous	Long, hyaline, simple or branched, filiform	Proliferate, sympodial.	Filiform, branched, sometimes septate and fragment into microconidia.
Loramycetaceae (Digby and Goos, 1987; Walsh et al., 2014)	anguillospora-like	Conidiophores are simple or occasionally branch. Conidiogenous cells are hyaline and straight. Conidia are globose, sub-ellipsoid or sigmoid and hyaline	Conidiogenous cells are hyaline and straight. Conidia are globose, sub-ellipsoid or sigmoid and hyaline	Conidia are globose, sub-ellipsoid or sigmoid and hyaline
Mollisiaceae (Sutton and Ganapathi, 1978; Butin et al., 1996; Grünig et al., 2002)	Sporodochial	Hyaline to brown		Unicellular, ellipsoid or phragmosporous, hyaline or brown and also in chains
Patellariopsidaceae	Sporodochium	Cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, branched over the conidiophore, septate, hyaline, expanding toward the apices, smooth	Holoblastic, polyblastic, cylindrical, integrated, hyaline, smooth.	Sphaerical, acropetal, branched chains. globose to cylindrical mass of small, thick-walled, dark brown, septate, eguttulate, smooth, cheiroid, conidium-complex
Phialocephala urceolata clade Wang, 2009	Hyphomycetous	Hyaline to darkly pigmented, septate and mononematous	Phialidic and conidiogenous cells are flask to urn-shaped and each with a prominent cylindrical and hyaline collarette	Globose, pedicellate and single or adhering in small clusters at the phialide apex
Ploettnerulaceae (Marvanová and Bärlocher, 2001; Goodwin, 2002; Gönczöl and Révay, 2003; Gramaje et al., 2011; Gonçalves et al., 2012; King et al., 2013; Travadon et al., 2015; Duarte et al., 2016; Walsh et al., 2018)	hyphomycetous or coelomycetous	Hyaline to brown	Phialidic	Ellipsoid to rod-shaped or filiform with pointed apices and 0–1-septate
Solenopeziaceae (Ekanayaka et al., 2019)	Conidiomata hyphomycetous	Simple, sparsely branched or absent	Cylindrical to subclavate, sometimes apically slightly swollen	Hyaline or black, septate, branched, lunate, sometimes formed in a chain and becoming tortuous and appearing as terminal dictyospores, rarely appendaged
Vibrisseaceae (Iturriaga and Israel, 1985; Goh and Hyde, 1998; Goh et al., 1998; Kirschner and Oberwinkler, 2001; Shenoy et al., 2010; Hernández-Restrepo et al., 2012, 2017; Legon, 2012; Crous et al., 2015)	hyphomycetous, phialidic and acervulus	Straight, cylindrical, hyaline and sometimes branched	Holoblastic or polytretic	Ellipsoid or irregular in shape and unicellular or up to 7–septate