Table 2.
Mother and infant transmitted drug resistance genotype and phenotype.
| Genotype (DRMs) |
Resistance level |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pair | Days post delivery | Duration cART (days) | Duration maternal cART at delivery | Plasma viral load (RNA copies per mL) | NNRTI | NRTI | PI | Intermediate | High | Infant age at viral supp-ression (m) | |
| 1 | Mother | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6300 | none | none | none | none | none | .. |
| Child | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4600 | none | none | none | none | none | 1 | |
| 2 | Mother | 9 | 150 | 141 | 100 000 | none | none | none | none | none | .. |
| Child | 9 | 0 | 141 | 830 | none | none | none | none | none | 1 | |
| 3 | Child | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3400 | K103N (100%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | 2 |
| 4 | Mother | 1 | >5 years | >5 years | 13 000 | K103N (77%), Y188L (25%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | .. |
| Child | 1 | 0 | >5 years | 150 000 | Y188L (99%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | 2 | |
| 5 | Child | 1 | 34 | 33 | 3900 | none | none | none | none | none | 5 |
| 6 | Mother | 12 | 17 years | 17 years | 2800 | none | none | none | none | none | .. |
| Child | 53 | 41 | 17 years | 36 000 | Y181C (98%) | none | none | EFV | NVP | 5 | |
| 7 | Child | 1 | 0 | 159 | 430 0000 | K103N (100%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | 6 |
| 8 | Mother | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 100 000 | none | none | none | none | none | .. |
| Child | 28 | 28 | 28 | 53 000 | none | none | none | none | none | 5 | |
| 9 | Mother | 18 | 8 years | 8 years | 3400 | K103N (20%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | .. |
| Child | 18 | 0 | 8 years | 32 000 | K103N (45%), V106A (29%), G190A (22%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | 27 | |
| 10 | Mother | 11 | 37 | 26 | 28 000 | K103N (66%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | .. |
| Child | 60 | 49 | 26 | 57 000 | K103N (98%), V106A (28%), Y188C (22%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | >18 | |
| 11 | Child | 90 | 88 | 245 | 450 000 | K103N (86%), A98G (99%) | none | none | none | EFV, NVP | >18 |
| 12 | Mother | 2 | 4 | 2 | 16 000 | none | none | none | none | none | .. |
| Child | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 500 000 | none | none | none | none | none | LTFU at 1 | |
| 13 | Mother | 0 | 203 | 203 | 770 000 | none | none | none | none | none | .. |
| Child | 0 | 0 | 203 | 2 900 000 | none | none | none | none | none | died at 8 | |
| 14 | Mother | 2 | 0 | 0 | 43 000 | none | none | none | none | none | .. |
| Child | 2 | 0 | 0 | 350 000 | none | none | none | none | none | LTFU at 15 | |
HIV genotype was determined using Next-Generation Sequencing methods for mother and infant pairs at baseline, subject to sample availability. Drug resistance mutation (DRM) prevalence shown in brackets. Resistance phenotype for the antiretroviral drugs commonly used in South Africa were determined from the Online Stanford Database. Median infant age at blood draw was 5.5 days (IQR 1–26 days). Participants listed in order of increasing time to infant plasma viral suppression (in months). No nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations were found for any of the participants. NNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, NVP: nevirapine, EFV: efavirenz.