Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of ADHD and TC subjects
| Characteristic | ADHD (N=224) | TC (N=153) | t or χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 8.2 (2.1) | 8.7 (2.4) | 1.83 | 0.104 |
| Gender | ||||
| Boys, N (%) | 182 (81.3) | 68 (44.4) | 55.10 | <0.001 |
| Subtype, N (%) | ||||
| Inattentive | 107 (47.8) | |||
| Hyperactive/impulsive | 9 (4.0) | |||
| Combined | 95 (42.4) | |||
| NOS | 13 (5.8) | |||
| Comorbid diagnosis, N (%) | 60 (26.8) | 16 (10.4) | ||
| ODD* | 25 (11.2) | - | 18.30 | <0.001 |
| MDD* | 3 (1.3) | 2 (1.3) | 0.00 | 0.979 |
| Anxiety disorder | 13 (5.8) | 10 (6.5) | 0.09 | 0.770 |
| Enuresis* | 2 (0.9) | - | 1.37 | 0.240 |
| Tic disorder | 21 (9.4) | 5 (3.2) | 5.28 | 0.022 |
| ARS, mean (SD) | ||||
| Inattentive | 29.1 (44.0) | 13.2 (41.0) | -17.4 | <0.001 |
| Hyperactive/impulsive | 29.6 (38.9) | 11.9 (24.4) | -14.8 | <0.001 |
*
using Fisher’s exact test.
ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, MDD: major depressive disorder, NOS: not otherwise specified, ODD: oppositional defiant disorder, TC: typically-developing children, ARS: ADHD rating scale