Table 2.
The K-WISC-IV and ATA scores of ADHD and TC subjects
| Assessment | ADHD |
TC |
t or χ2 | p-value | Adjusted p-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | ||||
| FSIQ | 95.4 (15.0) | 106.0 (13.6) | 7.04 | <0.001 | - | ||
| VCI | 98.4 (12.9) | 103.7 (15.0) | 3.65 | <0.001 | 0.121 | ||
| Similarities | 218 | 9.4 (2.0) | 152 | 10.6 (2.7) | 3.86 | <0.001 | 0.043 |
| Vocabulary | 218 | 10.6 (2.7) | 152 | 11.2 (3.2) | 1.97 | 0.05 | 0.113 |
| Comprehension | 218 | 9.0 (2.6) | 152 | 9.9 (2.9) | 3.06 | 0.001 | 0.856 |
| PRI | 99.9 (16.2) | 107.9 (15.9) | 4.78 | <0.001 | 0.012 | ||
| Block design | 218 | 10.5 (3.0) | 152 | 115. (3.1) | 3.08 | 0.008 | 0.356 |
| Picture concepts | 176 | 9.4 (3.2) | 151 | 10.5 (3.2) | 3.22 | 0.003 | 0.024 |
| Matrix reasoning | 217 | 9.8 (3.0) | 152 | 11.3 (2.9) | 4.75 | <0.001 | 0.030 |
| Picture completion | 146 | 9.3 (2.6) | 78 | 10.3 (2.6) | 2.53 | <0.001 | 0.057 |
| WMI | 96.1 (16.5) | 107.8 (13.6) | 7.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Digit span | 218 | 9.5 (3.5) | 152 | 11.8 (2.8) | 6.65 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Arithmetic | 164 | 9.1 (3.1) | 120 | 11.1 (2.9) | 5.55 | <0.001 | 0.114 |
| PSI | 91.3 (14.7) | 99.2 (14.3) | 5.14 | <0.001 | 0.111 | ||
| Coding | 218 | 8.3 (3.2) | 152 | 9.5 (2.9) | 3.44 | <0.001 | 0.496 |
| Symbol search | 218 | 8.7 (2.8) | 152 | 10.2 (2.9) | 5.02 | <0.001 | 0.729 |
| ATA visual | |||||||
| Omission errors | 29.1 (44.0) | 13.2 (41.0) | -3.57 | <0.001 | 0.255 | ||
| Commission errors | 29.6 (38.9) | 11.9 (24.4) | -4.96 | <0.001 | 0.883 | ||
| Response time | 7.8 (15.3) | 6.1 (11.0) | -1.33 | 0.64 | 0.031 | ||
| Response time variability | 19.9 (27.5) | 8.0 (25.7) | -4.32 | <0.001 | 0.359 | ||
| ATA auditory | |||||||
| Omission errors | 12.8 (24.7) | 7.7 (22.0) | -2.07 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Commission errors | 14.7 (24.8) | 5.6 (17.6) | -3.93 | <0.001 | 0.080 | ||
| Response time | -3.2 (12.5) | 0.4 (8.0) | 3.08 | 0.034 | 0.543 | ||
| Response time variability | 0.04 (11.1) | -3.2 (9.0) | -2.93 | 0.005 | 0.149 | ||
Multiple comparison corrected significance level p<0.002.
*
adjusted for FSIQ and gender. Different number of subtests of K-WISC-IV due to children’s developmental stages.
ATA: Advanced Test of Attention, K-WISC-IV: Korean–Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition, FSIQ: full-scale intelligent quotient, VCI: verbal comprehension index, PRI: perceptual reasoning index, WMI: working memory index, PSI: processing speed index, TC: typically-developing children