Table 4.

Multivariate logistic regression model of determinants of CHE for TB and HIV care at a 10% threshold of household income/consumption (Ethiopia)

Variable	aOR (95% CI)	P value
TB
Frequency of visits*	2.4 (1.9 to 3.1)	<0.001
Hospitalisation
No	Ref.
Yes	30.6 (4.8 to 199.8)	0.001
Income quintiles
Richest	Ref.
Rich†	4.1 (2.1 to 7.8)	<0.001
Middle	4.9 (2.5 to 9.4)	<0.001
Poor	7.0 (3.6 to13.7)	<0.001
Poorest	14.6 (7.5 to 28.3)	<0.001
Place of diagnosis
Government	Ref.
Private	2.6 (1.5 to 4.3)	<0.001
TB/HIV co-infection
No	Ref.
Yes	3.2 (1.6 to 6.2)	0.001
Insurance (ie, CBHI)
Yes	Ref.
No	2.7 (1.1 to 6.7)	0.038
Type of TB
Bacteriologically-confirmed TB	Ref.
Clinically-diagnosed TB	1.6 (1.0 to 2.8)	0.075
Extra-pulmonary TB†	2.6 (1.8 to 4.0)	<0.001
HIV
Frequency of visits per year*	1.07 (1.003 to 1.1)	0.04
Hospitalisation
No	Ref.
Yes	3.3 (2.2 to 4.9)	<0.001
Income quintiles
Richest	Ref.
Rich	2.5 (1.1 to 5.8)	0.025
Middle	4.5 (2.1 to 9.8)	<0.001
Poor	9.4 (4.5 to 19.5)	<0.001
Poorest	18.4 (8.9 to 37.7)	<0.001

*Variable treated as continuous.

†Overall test is significant.

aOR, adjusted OR; CBHI, community-based health insurance; CHE, catastrophic health expenditures; TB, tuberculosis.