Table 3.
Different selective advance wastewater treatment methods for Ibuprofen removal.
| Technology used | Condition and Uses of chemicals/radiation/strains | Removal efficiency (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coagulation-flocculation | Chemical: FeCl3/Al2(SO4)3; Concentration: 25, 50 mg/L |
12.0 ± 4.8% | Suárez et al. (2009), Luo et al. (2014) |
| Ozonation/AOPs | Radiation: UV254 Time: 10 min |
34% | Luo et al. (2014) |
| Ozonation/AOPs | Combine method: UV254 and H202 (50 mg/L) Time: 10 min, 30 min |
Almost 100% | Luo et al. (2014) |
| Ozone oxidation | Concentration: 1 mg/L, 160 mg/L for 20 min, | 99% | Wang and Wang (2016) |
| Membrane processes | Material: PES flat-sheet of 100 kDa Pressure = 0.5 ± 0.01 bar |
7% | Jermann et al. (2009), Luo et al. (2014) |
| Membrane processes | Material: Filmtec TW30 Pressure: 9.5–10.2 bar |
>99% | Sahar et al. (2011), Yangali-Quintanilla et al. (2011), Luo et al. (2014) |
| Membrane bioreactor | Module: Full-scale HF (Koch Puron) MAb: 235 m2 pore size: 0.1–0.2 μm |
~100% | Trinh et al. (2012), Luo et al. (2014) |
| Membrane bioreactor | Module: Lab-scale submerged HF UF module MA: 0.047 m2 Pore size: 0.04 μm SRT: 70 days HRT: 24 h MLSS: 8.6–10 g/L |
96.7 ± 0.7% | Tadkaew et al. (2011), Luo et al. (2014) |
| Membrane bioreactor | Module: Lab-scale polyvinylidene fluoride HF MA: 0.2 m2 Pore size: 0.4μm HRT: 1 or 3 days MLSS: 2.3–4.6 g/L |
Almost 100% | Bo et al. (2009), Luo et al. (2014) |
| Attached growth treatment processes | Media: bioplastic-based biofilm carriers volume: 2.5 L |
Almost 100% | Falås et al. (2012), Luo et al. (2014) |
| Activated sludge with high nitrifying activity in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) | Biodegradation time: after 24 h in water | 76% | Kruglova et al. (2016) |
| Grit channels, primary clarifies and conventional activated sludge | Initial concentration: 4500 ng/L | 99.7% | Blair et al. (2015) |
| Primary treatment + Orbal oxidation ditch + UV disinfection | Initial concentration: 130–450 ng/L | 60–90% | Sun et al. (2014) |
| Fenton oxidation | Initial concentration: 0.87 mM Temp: 30 °C pH: 3 Time: 2h Concentration: Fe2: 25% (1.2 mM), H2O2 25% (0.32 mM) |
>50% | Wang and Wang (2016) |
| Microbial biodegradation | Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) | 20 mg/L in 6 days | Marchlewicz et al., 2017a, Marchlewicz et al., 2017b,Marchlewicz et al. (2016) |
| Microbial biodegradation | Patulibacter sp. I11 | 125 μg/L, 31 μg/L, 46 μg/L in 300 h, 90 h, 90 h respectively | Almeida et al. (2013) |
| Microbial biodegradation | Variovorax sp. Ibu-1 | 200 mg/L in 75 h | Murdoch and Hay (2015) |
| Microbial biodegradation | Nocardia sp. NRRL 5646 | 1000 mg/L in 120 h | Chen and Rosazza (1994) |