Table 3.
Gene set enrichment for selected Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes, Reactome (R), KEGG (K) and Hallmark (H) gene sets in muscle of arctic ground squirrels during hibernation (ET- entering torpor, LT-late torpor) as compared to summer active (SA) animals.
| Comparison | ET vs. SA | LT vs. SA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene set | #genes | NES | FDR | #genes | NES | FDR |
| Fatty acid β oxidation (GO) | 45 | 2.27 | 0.05 | 45 | 2.69 | 0.001 |
| Muscle atrophy (GO) | 13 | −1.66 | 0.04 | 13 | −1.61 | 0.04 |
| Translation (R) | 137 | 4.20 | <0.001 | 137 | 5.10 | <0.001 |
| Muscle contraction (R) | 42 | −2.94 | <0.001 | 43 | −2.69 | <0.001 |
| Ribosome (K) | 81 | 4.09 | <0.001 | 81 | 4.06 | <0.001 |
| Peroxisome (H) | 80 | 1.91 | 0.034 | 82 | 2.53 | <0.001 |
| TNFA Signaling via NFKB (H) | 144 | −3.40 | <0.001 | 147 | −2.75 | <0.001 |
| Apoptosis (H) | 127 | −2.84 | <0.001 | 129 | −1.17 | NS |
NES – normalized enrichment score, positive values indicate elevated proportion of overexpressed genes and negative scores indicate excess of under expressed genes. FDR – false discovery rate.