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. 2020 Jun 2;10:9021. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66082-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Inhibition and dispersal of S. aureus biofilm using 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM D-Asp. (b) Inhibition and dispersal of S. aureus biofilm using 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM D-Glu. (c) Inhibition of S. aureus biofilm using equimolar concentrations of D-AA. (d) Dispersal of S. aureus biofilm using equimolar concentrations of D-AA. (a-d) One-way ANOVA showed an overall significant difference within the data and was followed by a post-hoc t-test with Bonferroni correction to see which concentration significantly (p < 0.0083 was taken as significant; indicated by *) significantly inhibited or dispersed biofilms; n = 3, ±S.D. (e) Fluoresence imaging showing 72 h biofilm formation. (i) Control (ii) inhibited with 40 mM D-Asp (iii) inhibited with 40 mM D-Glu (iv) inhibited with equimolar concentrations of D-Asp and D-Glu (40 mM of each); D-Asp = D-Aspartic acid; D-Glu = D-Glutamic acid; D-AA = D-Asp and D-Glu.